Abstracts
Abstract
In many contexts around the world, colonial-settler heritage policies and local planning processes contribute to the ongoing loss of Indigenous archaeological heritage (IAH). Many intertwined factors contribute to this loss, including colonial systems that do not recognize the inherent rights of Indigenous people to manage their heritage on their own terms. Here, we explore the challenges that heritage policies and local planning systems present to robust IAH conservation. We focus on the island of Xwe’etay, in the Salish Sea of British Columbia and the governing bodies that control or have an interest in its heritage. Our interviews with local planners, First Nations, and others inform three central issues foundational to IAH planning: 1) jurisdiction and planning scope; 2) regulation and enforcement; and 3) capacity and resource limitations. We find that top-down, colonial regulations that guide heritage management practices are failing to adequately protect Indigenous archaeological heritage, while also instilling uncertainty and fear among settler landowners. Engaging First Nation and settler community members in IAH conservation, active relationship-building, knowledge mobilization, and enhanced local jurisdiction may present pathways to better protect IAH.
Keywords:
- planning,
- archeology,
- Indigenous archaeological heritage,
- policy
Résumé
Dans de nombreux contextes à travers le monde, les politiques patrimoniales des colons et les processus d’aménagement local contribuent à l’effacement du patrimoine archéologique autochtone (PAA). De nombreux facteurs interconnectés contribuent à cette perte, y compris les systèmes coloniaux qui ne reconnaissent pas les droits inhérents des Peuples Autochtones à gérer leur patrimoine selon leurs propres termes. Ici, nous explorons les défis que les politiques patrimoniales et les systèmes d’aménagement local posent à une conservation robuste du PAA. Nous nous concentrons sur l'île de Xwe’etay, dans la mer des Salish en Colombie-Britannique, et sur les organismes de gouvernance qui contrôlent ou ont un intérêt dans son patrimoine. Nos entretiens avec des urbanistes locaux, Peuples Autochtones, et d'autres personnes éclairent trois enjeux centraux fondamentaux pour l’aménagement du PAA: 1) la juridiction et la portée de l’aménagement; 2) la réglementation et l'application; et 3) les limites de capacité et de ressources. Nous constatons que les réglementations coloniales descendantes qui guident les pratiques de gestion du patrimoine ne parviennent pas à protéger adéquatement le patrimoine archéologique autochtone, tout en instillant également l'incertitude et la peur parmi les propriétaires terriens colons. Engager les membres des communautés des Premières Nations et des colons dans la conservation des EIA, le développement de relations actives, la mobilisation des connaissances et le renforcement de la juridiction locale pourrait offrir des avenues pour mieux protéger les PAA.
Mots-clés :
- aménagement,
- archéologie,
- patrimoine archéologique autochtone,
- politique
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Appendices
Biographical notes
Madeleine MacLean, MRM (Planning), is a planner who works with Indigenous communities in the fields of territorial stewardship planning, community and land use planning, cultural heritage protection, and climate change adaptation. She received a Master of Resource Management (Planning) from Simon Fraser University. Madeleine has worked with Indigenous communities on a variety of projects and plans, and is passionate about cultivating sustainable, inclusive, ethical, and resilient communities by ensuring that plans are community-driven and grounded in the unique cultural context of each community.
Sean Markey, PhD MCIP RPP, is a professor and certified planner with the School of Resource and Environmental Management at Simon Fraser University. Sean's research concerns issues of local and regional economic development, rural and small-town development, and sustainable planning and infrastructure. He has published widely in academic journals and has co-authored/edited a number of books. Sean continues to work with municipalities, non-profit organizations, Indigenous communities, and the business community to promote and develop sustainable forms of community and regional development.
Dana Lepofsky, PhD MA, is a Professor Emerita in the Department of Archaeology at Simon Fraser University. She conducts archaeological and ethnoecological research that spans disciplines and communities and that situates the knowledge and experiences of the past in current social and ecological contexts. She believes strongly that studying archaeology is a privilege – one that is squandered if we do not fully embrace the degree to which it is intertwined with current social issues. Dana works with Indigenous communities to document how their interactions with their lands and seas are recorded in memory, language, and the ecological, paleoecological, and archaeological records.
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