Abstracts
Résumé
Le présent article explore les diverses formes que prennent l’emploi et les « petits boulots » dans la vie des jeunes de la rue. L’étude a été faite à Halifax, au Canada, et porte sur un matériel tiré d’entretiens menés auprès de 34 jeunes. Les résultats de l’enquête suggèrent que l’économie du travail à laquelle doivent faire face les jeunes de la rue revêt un aspect autant formel qu’informel. Ils montrent aussi que ces jeunes sont motivés mais vivent aussi des enjeux tant personnels qu’environnementaux. La plupart des jeunes interrogés réalisent des activités informelles rémunératrices parmi lesquelles figurent entre autres la mendicité, la pratique du squeegee (du nom anglais de la raclette servant à nettoyer les pare-brise), et l’art ambulant, la vente de créations artistiques, la composition et la déclamation de poèmes, la diffusion de blagues et autres activités créatrices. La diversité de ces activités témoigne de l’esprit d’entreprise et de la capacité de résilience de cette jeunesse itinérante. Pour survivre, les jeunes sans-abri sont en effet prêts à entreprendre un grand nombre de tâches souvent peu valorisées dans notre société. À vrai dire, il leur est surtout difficile d’accéder à un travail socialement reconnu. Pourtant, la société, en s’inscrivant dans une logique de criminalisation de certains types de pauvreté, réprime le plus souvent les activités informelles qu’adoptent les jeunes comme stratégies de survie.
Mots-clés:
- Jeunes de la rue,
- emploi,
- stratégie de survie,
- déviance,
- marginalité,
- économie informelle
Abstract
This paper explores how employment and labor are situated within the lives of homeless youth and is based upon the findings emerging from in-depth interviews with 34 youth in Halifax, Canada. The findings suggest that street-involved and homeless young people are straddling formal and informal work economies while mediating layers of external and internal motivations and tensions. For the most part, youth interviewed engaged in informal money-making activities including panhandling, squeegeeing, busking, making and selling art, performing poetry and/or jokes, among many other creative pursuits. The diversity of these activities demonstrates the entrepreneurial spirit and creativity/resilience of street-involved young people. They are willing to undertake any number of often undesirable tasks to survive. The reality is that the participants in this study could not very easily engage in formal work. In addition, their stories showed how society takes particular effort to criminalize certain types of poverty – in this case much of the informal work in which homeless youth engage.
Keywords:
- Street youth,
- employment,
- survival strategy,
- deviance,
- informal economy
Resumen
Con base en 34 entrevistas a fondo con jóvenes de Halifax, Canadá, el presente artículo analiza el lugar que el trabajo formal e informal ocupan en las vidas de los jóvenes de la calle. La investigación sugiere que los jóvenes que habitan o realizan actividades en la calle oscilan entre las economías formal e informal, con diversas mediaciones, motivaciones y tensiones internas y externas. La mayoría de jóvenes entrevistados realiza actividades cuyos ingresos son informales, entre ellas la mendicidad, el limpiado de parabrisas y diversas actividades creativas como la interpretación musical, la fabricación y venta de arte y la presentación de poesía y comedia, entre otras. Esta diversidad de actividades muestra el espíritu empresarial y la creatividad y perseverancia de los jóvenes de la calle, dispuestos para sobrevivir a emprender actividades muchas veces consideradas indeseables. Una realidad es que los participantes de este estudio no podrían fácilmente obtener empleo formal. Además, lo que cuentan ilustra la forma en que la sociedad se empeña en criminalizar cierto tipo de pobreza, en este caso el trabajo informal en que los jóvenes de la calle se autoemplean.
Palabras clave:
- Jóvenes de la calle,
- empleo,
- estrategia de supervivencia,
- desviación,
- marginalidad,
- economía informal
Appendices
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