Abstracts
Résumé
L’enquête de police judiciaire constitue, d’après une étude récente de Skogan et Frydl (2003), l’un des objets les moins étudiés dans le champ des études sur la police. Cet article énonce certains des résultats d’une étude effectuée dans 153 dossiers d’homicide montés de 1990 à 2001 par un grand corps policier québécois. Le texte est divisé en quatre parties : (1) on propose d’abord un rapide bilan des écrits sur l’enquête de police judiciaire ; (2) le projet de recherche est ensuite présenté en faisant état de quelques difficultés d’ordre méthodologique ; (3) une taxinomie des principaux types d’enquête de police judiciaire est dressée, qui révèle que les enquêtes recèlent une diversité jusqu’ici relativement inaperçue ; (4) finalement, des résultats empiriques sont énoncés, en particulier en ce qui a trait au temps consacré par les enquêteurs pour résoudre les affaires, aux facteurs les plus opérants dans la résolution des affaires et au rôle de la police scientifique et de l’expertise.
Mots-clés :
- Police judiciaire,
- homicide,
- taxinomie,
- police scientifique,
- expertise,
- identification,
- localisation
Abstract
According to a 2003 survey conducted by Skogan and Frydl, criminal investigation is one of the least studied topics in police research. This article presents some of the findings of an examination of 153 homicide files opened between 1990 and 2001 by a large police force in Quebec. The paper is divided in four parts: (1) First, a brief survey of the writings on criminal investigations is conducted; (2) Our research project is then described and some of the methodological difficulties encountered are discussed; (3) A categorization of the main types of criminal investigation is developed, revealing an unsuspected diversity among investigations; (4) Finally, empirical findings are presented, focusing on the time needed to clear a homicide case, on the main determinants of the clearance process, and on the role of forensics and expertise in solving cases.
Keywords:
- Criminal investigation,
- homicide,
- categorization,
- forensic police,
- expertise,
- identification,
- localization
Resumen
La investigación de la policía judicial constituye, según un estudio reciente de Skogan y Frydl (2003), uno de los aspectos menos estudiados en materia de estudios sobre la policía. El presente artículo enuncia algunos de los resultados de un estudio efectuado con 153 expedientes de homicidios elaborados entre 1990 y 2001 por un importante cuerpo policíaco de Quebec. El texto se divide en cuatro partes : (1) como inicio sugerimos una rápida evaluación de los escritos sobre las investigaciones de la policía judicial ; (2) se presenta a continuación el proyecto de investigación, haciendo hincapié en algunas dificultades de orden metodológico ; (3) se elabora luego una taxonomía de los principales tipos de investigación judicial que revela que las investigaciones tienen una diversidad hasta ahora desapercibida ; (4) se enuncian, finalmente, los resultados empíricos, en particular con respecto al tiempo empleado por los investigadores en la solución de los asuntos, los aspectos que resultaron más importantes en la resolución de los casos y la función de la policía científica y los diversos expertos.
Palabras clave:
- Investigación criminal,
- taxonomía,
- homicidio,
- policía científica,
- expertos forenses,
- identificación,
- localización
Appendices
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