Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article souhaite apporter une contribution à l’étude des symptômes liés au trauma observés au début de l’âge adulte chez des jeunes femmes ayant été placées en centre de réadaptation au cours de l’adolescence et qui ont été victimes d’agression sexuelle avant l’âge de 18 ans. En vue de mieux comprendre l’expérience de l’agression sexuelle, les impacts d’un certain nombre de caractéristiques ont été étudiés : la sévérité et la diversité de l’expérience de l’agression sexuelle, la fréquence et la chronicité de l’agression sexuelle, la familiarité avec l’agresseur et l’âge à la première survenue de l’agression sexuelle. Méthode : L’échantillon est composé de 133 jeunes femmes adultes qui ont été placées en centre de réadaptation à l’adolescence. L’agression sexuelle a été évaluée rétrospectivement à l’aide d’une version adaptée du questionnaire sur l’agression sexuelle développé par Finkelhor, Hotaling, Lewis et Smith (1990). Les symptômes liés au trauma ont été évalués à l’aide de l’Inventaire des symptômes liés au trauma-2 (Brière, 2011). Résultats : Les jeunes femmes ayant vécu une agression sexuelle présentent des niveaux plus élevés de symptômes liés au trauma que celles qui n’ont pas été agressées sexuellement. De plus, les jeunes femmes ayant signalé une gravité (viol), une diversité et une persistance (chronicité) plus importantes d’agressions sexuelles, montrent des niveaux élevés de symptômes liés au trauma. Ces symptômes se manifestent par des pensées intrusives, des problèmes d’attachement et de l’évitement défensif. Les différences observées quant à la fréquence, à l’identité de l’agresseur et à l’âge de la survenue des agressions sexuelles sont moins discriminantes en ce qui concerne les symptômes liés au trauma. Conclusion : L’analyse des caractéristiques des agressions sexuelles confirme la nécessité d’aider les femmes ayant vécu des expériences persistantes et diverses d’agression sexuelle afin qu’elles puissent créer des relations fondées sur un sentiment de sécurité.
Mots-clés :
- Agression sexuelle,
- symptômes liés au trauma,
- début de l’âge adulte,
- femmes,
- centre de réadaptation
Abstract
Aim : The current study advances our understanding of the level of trauma-related symptoms reported in emerging adulthood among a sample of out-of-care females who experienced child sexual abuse. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the experience of sexual abuse, the impact of a number of characteristics was investigated : severity, variety, chronicity, identity of the perpetrator, frequency, and age of onset. Method : The sample was composed of 133 young adult females who had transitioned out of residential care. Sexual abuse was assessed retrospectively using an adjusted version of a sexual abuse survey developed by Finkelhor et al. (1990) ; trauma-related symptoms were assessed using the Trauma Symptom Inventory-2 (Briere, 2011). Results : Young adult females who had experienced sexual abuse had much higher levels of trauma-related symptoms than those without such a history. Additionally, females who reported more severe forms (rape), various types (variety), and more persistent (chronicity) experiences of sexual abuse showed elevated levels of trauma-related symptoms, such as intrusive thoughts, insecure attachments, and defensive avoidance. Differences in frequency, identity of the perpetrator, and onset were less predictive of the level of trauma-related symptoms. Conclusion : Assessment of the specific characteristics of sexual abuse confirms the need to support females who have experienced persistent and diverse experiences of sexual abuse in developing secure relationships.
Keywords:
- Sexual abuse,
- trauma-related symptoms,
- emerging adulthood,
- females,
- residential care
Resumen
Objetivo : El presente artículo busca enriquecer los conocimientos sobre los síntomas traumáticos observados en la edad adulta en el caso de jóvenes víctimas de violencias sexuales durante la infancia que salen de un centro de rehabilitación. Con el fin de comprender mejor la agresión sexual, estudiamos el impacto de características determinadas como la gravedad, la diversidad de los tipos de abuso, la cronicidad, la identidad del agresor, la frecuencia y la edad en la cual han comenzado los abusos sexuales. Método : la muestra está compuesta por 133 mujeres jóvenes adultas que acaban de regresar de un refugio. El abuso sexual ha sido evaluado retrospectivamente con la ayuda de una versión adaptada del cuestionario sobre el abuso sexual desarrollado por Finkelhor et al. (1990). Los síntomas ligados al traumatismo han sido evaluados con la ayuda del Inventario de los síntomas ligados al traumatismo-2 (Brière, 2011). Resultados : las mujeres jóvenes que vivieron una experiencia de violencia sexual presentan niveles más elevados de síntomas ligados al traumatismo que aquellas que no han sido abusadas sexualmente. Además, las mujeres que señalaron la gravedad de una de las formas de violencia (violación), una diversidad y persistencia (cronicidad) más importante de los abusos sexuales, muestran niveles elevados de síntomas ligados al traumatismo. Dichos síntomas se manifiestan a través de pensamientos intrusivos, problemas del apego, y evitamiento defensivo. Las diferencias observadas en cuanto a la frecuencia, a la identidad del agresor, y a la edad del comienzo de los abusos sexuales son menos discriminativas en lo que atañe a los síntomas ligados al traumatismo. Conclusión : el análisis de las características específicas de los abusos sexuales confirma la necesidad de ayudar a las mujeres que han vivido experiencias persistentes y diversas de abuso sexual con el fin de que puedan desarollar relaciones basadas en el sentimiento de seguridad.
Palabras clave:
- Violencia sexual,
- síntomas ligados al traumatismo,
- principio de la edad adulta,
- mujeres,
- centro de rehabilitación
Appendices
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