Abstracts
Résumé
Cette recension des écrits, sous forme d’une revue narrative critique, a pour but de dresser un bilan de l’état des connaissances concernant la consommation de boissons énergisantes chez les jeunes et les conduites qui y sont associées telles que la consommation de psychotropes et les autres comportements à risque. L’analyse des études recensées indique que les boissons énergisantes sont consommées par les jeunes adultes pour différents motifs et dans diverses occasions. De plus, ces boissons seraient surtout appréciées par des consommateurs d’autres substances psychoactives telles que le tabac, l’alcool et les drogues. Cette polyconsommation de psychotropes peut entraîner des effets plus souvent préjudiciables que bénéfiques. D’ailleurs, les résultats de différentes études nous renseignent sur le fait que la consommation de boissons énergisantes alcoolisées est associée à des comportements à risque tels que conduire après avoir bu de l’alcool, prendre la route avec un conducteur sous l’influence de l’alcool, avoir des relations sexuelles sous l’influence de substances psychoactives et agir de manière agressive. Néanmoins, les recherches produites comportent certaines limites, notamment le devis majoritairement transversal de ces investigations ne permet pas d’établir de relations de causes à effets. Ce constat incite à la prudence dans l’interprétation des données. Toutefois, la consommation de boissons énergisantes en combinaison avec d’autres substances psychoactives est un phénomène préoccupant en raison de ses effets potentiellement indésirables.
Mots-clés :
- boissons énergisantes,
- psychotropes,
- substances psychoactives,
- polyconsommation
Abstract
This literature review, in the form of a critical narrative review, aims to assess the state of knowledge of the consumption of energy drinks among youth as well as related behaviours, such as psychotropic drug use and other risky behaviours. The analysis of the identified studies indicates that young adults consume energy drinks for diverse reasons and on various occasions. Furthermore, these drinks would be consumed by users of other psychoactive substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and drugs. This poly drug use can result in effects that are often more harmful than beneficial. Moreover, results from various studies indicate that consumption of alcoholic energy drinks is associated with risky behaviours, such as drinking and driving, riding with an impaired driver, having sexual relations under the influence of psychoactive substances, and behaving aggressively. Nevertheless, the studies produced have certain limitations, notably the fact that the predominantly cross-sectional design of these investigations makes it impossible to establish cause-and-effect relationships. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting the data. However, the consumption of energy drinks in combination with other psychoactive substances is a worrisome phenomenon given the potentially undesirable effects.
Keywords:
- energy drinks,
- psychotropic drugs,
- psychoactive substance,
- poly drug use
Resumen
Esta reseña de artículos, con forma de narrativa crítica, tiene por objetivo hacer un balance del estado de los conocimientos relativos al consumo de bebidas energizantes entre los jóvenes y las conductas que se relacionan con dicho consumo, tales como el consumo de psicotrópicos y otros comportamientos riesgosos. El análisis de los estudios analizados indica que los jóvenes adultos consumen bebidas energizantes por diferentes razones y en diversas ocasiones. Además, estas bebidas serían apreciadas sobre todo por consumidores de otras sustancias psicoactivas como el tabaco, el alcohol y las drogas. Este policonsumo de psicotrópicos puede tener efectos que a menudo son más perjudiciales que beneficiosos. Por otra parte, los resultados de diferentes estudios informan sobre el hecho de que el consumo de bebidas energizantes alcoholizadas está asociado a comportamientos riesgosos, tales como conducir después de haber bebido alcohol, viajar con un conductor que está bajo la influencia del alcohol, tener relaciones sexuales bajo la influencia de sustancias psicoactivas y actuar de manera agresiva. Sin embargo, las investigaciones presentadas tienen ciertos límites, en particular, el carácter principalmente transversal de las mismas no permite establecer relaciones de causa a efecto. Esta comprobación incita a la prudencia en cuanto a la interpretación de los datos. Sin embargo, el consumo de bebidas energizantes en combinación con otras sustancias psicoactivas es un fenómeno preocupante a causa de sus efectos potencialmente indeseables.
Palabras clave:
- bebidas energizantes,
- psicotrópicos,
- sustancias psicoactivas,
- policonsumo
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Allard, P., Bélanger, H., & Paquin, P. (2011). Boissons énergisantes prendre le taureau par les cornes ! Médecin du Québec, 46(6), 67-70.
- Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Kasperski, S. J., O’Grady, K. E., Vincent, K. B., Griffiths, R. R., & Wish, E. D. (2010). Increased alcohol consumption, nonmedical prescription drug use, and illicit drug use are associated with energy drink consumption among college students. Journal of Addiction Medecine, 4(2), 74-80.
- Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Kasperski, S. J., Vincent, K. B., Griffiths, R. R., & O’Grady, K. E. (2011). Energy drink consumption and increased risk for alcohol dependence. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 35(2), 365-375.
- Ballistreri, M. C., & Corradi-Webster, C. M. (2008). Consumption of energy drinks among physical education students. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 16, 558-564.
- Ben Amar, M. (2004). La polyconsommation de psychotropes et les principales interactions pharmacologiques associées. Repéré à http://publications.msss.gouv.qc.ca/biblio/CPLT/publications/polypsycho04.pdf
- Ben Amar, M., & Léonard, L. (2002). Les psychotropes - pharmacologie et toxicomanie. Montréal : Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
- Berger, L. K., Fendrich, M., Chen, H. Y., Arria, A. M., & Cisler, R. A. (2011). Sociodemographic correlates of energy drink consumption with and without alcohol: results of a community survey. Addictive Behaviors, 36(5), 516-519.
- Blanchet, R., Bwenge, A., & Blanchet, J. (2010). Les boissons énergisantes et le sport. Repéré à http://www.volleyball.qc.ca/files/enonce_de_position_-_boissons_energisantes__mai_2011_.pdf
- Brache, K., & Stockwell, T. (2011). Drinking patterns and risk behaviors associated with combined alcohol and energy drink consumption in college drinkers. Addictive Behaviors, 36(12), 1133-1140.
- Buxton, C., & Hagan, J. E. (2012). A survey of energy drinks consumption practices among student -athletes in Ghana: lessons for developing health education intervention programmes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 9(1), 9.
- Bwenge, A. (2011). Consultation de Santé Canada sur les Boissons Énergisantes. Repéré à http://www.aqms.org/meganet/media/docs/pdf/consultation_be_novembre_2011.pdf
- CCLAT. (2012). La consommation de boissons alcoolisées caféinées au Canada. Repéré à http://www.ccsa.ca/2012%20CCSA%20Documents/CCSA-Caffeinated-Alcoholic-Beverages-in-Canada-2012-fr.pdf
- Cherpitel, C. J. (1999). Substance use, injury, and risk-taking dispositions in the general population. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 23(1), 121-126.
- Clauson, K. A., Shields, K. M., McQueen, C. E., & Persad, N. (2008). Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 48(3), 55-63.
- Direction des aliments. (2011). Approche de gestion des boissons énergisantes contenant de la caféine proposée par Santé Canada. Repéré à http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/pdf/legislation/pol/energy-drinks-boissons-energisantes-fra.pdf
- Ferreira, S. E., de Mello, M. T., Pompeia, S., & de Souza-Formigoni, M. L. (2006). Effects of energy drink ingestion on alcohol intoxication. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(4), 598-605.
- Fortin, M. (2010). Fondements et étapes du processus de recherche ; Méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives (2e édition). Montréal : Chenelière Éducation.
- Gaudreault, M., Gagnon, M., & Arbour, N. (2009). Être jeune aujourd’hui : habitudes de vie et aspirations des jeunes des régions de la Capitale-Nationale, du Saguenay—Lac-Saint-Jean et des Laurentides. Repéré à http://www.crepas.qc.ca/recherche.php?idDetail=42&page=2
- Horvath, A. R., & Pewsner, D. (2004). Systematic reviews in laboratory medicine: principles, processes and practical considerations. Clinica Chimica Acta, 342(1-2), 23-39.
- Hovington, J. (2012). Enquête sur la malbouffe : 10 000 jeunes se prononcent ! Repéré à http://www.sportetudiant.com/_static/webupload/websiteDocuments/100000/rapport_d’enquete_fra_1_page.pdf
- Institut National de Santé Publique (INSPQ) (2010). Boissons énergisantes : risques liés à la consommation et perspectives de santé publique. Québec, Québec : Gouvernement du Québec.
- Institut National de Santé Publique (INSPQ) (2011). Les boissons énergisantes : entre menace et banalisation. Québec, Québec : Gouvernement du Québec.
- Institut de la Statistique du Québec (ISQ)(2012). L’Enquête québécoise sur la santé des jeunes du secondaire 2010-2011. Repéré à http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/sante/pdf2012/EQSJS_tome1.pdf
- Jones, S. C., Barrie, L., & Berry, N. (2012). Why (not) alcohol energy drinks? A qualitative study with Australian university students. Drug and Alcohol Review, 31(3), 281-287.
- Kunin, D., Gaskin, S., Rogan, F., Smith, B. R., & Amit, Z. (2000). Caffeine promotes ethanol drinking in rats. Examination using a limited-access free choice paradigm. Alcohol, 21(3), 271-277.
- Last, J. (2004). Dictionnaire d’épidémiologie. Québec, Canada : Édisem inc.
- Lopez-Garcia, E., et al.(2006). Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in men and women: a prospective cohort study. Circulation, 113(17), 2045-2053.
- Malinauskas, B. M., Aeby, V. G., Overton, R. F., Carpenter-Aeby, T., & Barber-Heidal, K. (2007). A survey of energy drink consumption patterns among college students. Nutrition Journal, 6, 35.
- Marczinski, C. A. (2011). Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: consumption patterns and motivations for use in U.S. college students. Internal Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(8), 3232-3245.
- Miller. (2008a). Energy drinks, race, and problem behaviors among college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(5), 490-497.
- Miller. (2012). Alcohol mixed with energy drink use and sexual risk-taking: casual, intoxicated, and unprotected sex. Journal of caffeine research, 00(00), 1-8.
- Miller. (2008b). Wired: energy drinks, jock identity, masculine norms, and risk taking. Journal of American College Health, 56(5), 481-489.
- Ministère de l’emploi et de la solidarité. (2002). Usage nocif de substances psychoactives. Repéré à http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/var/storage/rapports-publics/024000138/0000.pdf
- Morin, P. (2009). Portrait des jeunes Sherbrookois de 4 à 17 ans en matière d’alimentation et d’activité physique et sportive. Repéré à http://www.santeestrie.qc.ca/publication_documentation/documents/RapportFinal2010.pdf
- Nees, F., Tzschoppe, J., Patrick, CJ., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Steiner, S., Poustka, L., Banaschewski, T., Barker, GJ., Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Garavan H, Heinz A, Gallinat J, Lathrop M, Mann K, Artiges E, Paus, T., Poline, JB., Robbins, TW., Rietschel, M., Smolka, MN., Spanagel, R., Struve, M., Loth, E., Schumann, G., & Flor, H. (2012). Determinants of early alcohol use in healthy adolescents: the differential contribution of neuroimaging and psychological factors. Neuropsychopharmacology,37(4), 986-995.
- Nordt, S. P., Vilke, G. M., Clark, R. F., Lee Cantrell, F., Chan, T. C., Galinato, M., Castillo, E. M. (2012). Energy drink use and adverse effects among emergency department patients. Journal of Community Health, 37(5), 976-981.
- O’Brien, M. C., McCoy, T. P., Rhodes, S. D., Wagoner, A., & Wolfson, M. (2008). Caffeinated cocktails: energy drink consumption, high-risk drinking, and alcohol-related consequences among college students. Academic Emergency Medecine, 15(5), 453-460.
- Oteri, A., Salvo, F., Caputi, A. P., & Calapai, G. (2007). Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina.Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31(10), 1677-1680.
- Peacock, A., Bruno, R., & Martin, F. H. (2012a). Patterns of Use and Motivations for Consuming Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), 202-206.
- Peacock, A., Bruno, R., & Martin, F. H. (2012b). The subjective physiological, psychological, and behavioral risk-taking consequences of alcohol and energy drink co-ingestion. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(11), 2008-2015.
- Pennay, A., & Lubman, D. I. (2012). Alcohol and energy drinks: a pilot study exploring patterns of consumption, social contexts, benefits and harms. BMC Research Notes, 5, 369.
- Pérusse-Lachance, É., & Drapeau, V. (2009). Enquête sur les habitudes de vie des étudiants (es) et du personnel de l’Université Laval. Université Laval.
- Pettit, M. L., & DeBarr, K. A. (2011). Perceived stress, energy drink consumption, and academic performance among college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(5), 335-341.
- Price, S. R., Hilchey, C. A., Darredeau, C., Fulton, H. G., & Barrett, S. P. (2010). Energy drink co-administration is associated with increased reported alcohol ingestion. Drug and Alcohol Review, 29(3), 331-333.
- Reissig, C. J., Strain, E. C., & Griffiths, R. R. (2009). Caffeinated energy drinks--a growing problem. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99(1-3), 1-10.
- Simon, M., & Mosher, J. (2007). Alcohol, Energy Drinks, and Youth: A Dangerous Mix. Repéré à http://www.alcoholjustice.org/images/stories/EnergyDrinkReport.pdf
- Snipes, D. J., & Benotsch, E. G. (2013). High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: Examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students. Addictive Behaviors, 38(1), 1418-1423.
- Thombs, D. L., O’Mara, R. J., Tsukamoto, M., Rossheim, M. E., Weiler, R. M., Merves, M. L., & Goldberger, B. A. (2010). Event-level analyses of energy drink consumption and alcohol intoxication in bar patrons. Addictive Behaviors, 35(4), 325-330.
- Velazquez, C. E., Poulos, N. S., Latimer, L. A., & Pasch, K. E. (2012). Associations between energy drink consumption and alcohol use behaviors among college students. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 123(1-3), 167-172.
- Woolsey, Waigandt, & Beck. (2010). Athletes and energy drinks: reported risk-taking and consequences from the combined use of alcohol and energy drinks. Journal of applied sport psychology, 22, 65-71.