Abstracts
Résumé
Il arrive souvent que le comportement et l’identité des Eeyous (Cris) de Chisasibi (Québec) qui consomment de l’alcool et sont ivres en public soient réduits à ceux de victimes : victimes de la colonisation et des tentatives d’assimilation, victimes de violence familiale, victimes de dépendances. Les autres membres de la communauté déconseillent fortement de s’adresser directement aux buveurs et les chercheurs en anthropologie les ignorent la plupart du temps. Cet article ethnographique s’appuie sur l’observation participante et sur des entrevues semi-formelles effectuées auprès de femmes et d’hommes adultes qui se disent buveurs ou ex-buveurs. Il met en lumière le point de vue de personnes dont la consommation d’alcool actuelle ou passée est considérée comme un « problème » par leur communauté et par les chercheurs en sciences sociales. En adoptant une approche phénoménologique, l’auteur utilise les concepts de « monde vécu » (lifeworld) et d’agentivité pour illustrer le fait que les individus réfléchissant à leurs propres comportements participent activement à la vision du monde de leur communauté. Bien que ces personnes soient qualifiées de « soûlons » ou de « zombies », elles parlent d’elles-mêmes en référant aux divers autres aspects de leurs identités et à leur propre capacité d’agir. Ce faisant, elles s’approprient leurs identités en tant que membres de leur communauté et revendiquent leur capacité d’agir en dépit des sous-entendus voulant qu’elles aient renoncé à ces identités et à cette capacité en buvant de manière excessive.
Mots-clés :
- boire autochtone,
- phénoménologie,
- alcool et agentivité,
- alcool et identités
Abstract
Eeyou (Cree) people in Chisasibi, Quebec who engage in public drinking and drunkenness often have their behaviour and identity reduced to those of victims: victims of colonialism and assimilation attempts, victims of family violence, victims of addiction. Talking to the drinkers themselves is highly discouraged by fellow community members and often not considered by anthropological researchers. This ethnographic article is based on participant-observation and semi-formal interviews with adult women and men who self-identified as drinkers or former drinkers. It highlights the perspectives of people who currently engage, or have engaged in the past, in drinking behaviour that is perceived as “problematic” by their community and by social science researchers. Through a phenomenological approach, the concepts of lifeworlds and agency are used to illustrate how people actively engage with prominent community worldviews in thinking about their own behaviour and identities. Community members may refer to them as “drunks” or “zombies”. But these individuals refer to wider aspects of their identities and to their own agency in discussing their lives. As such, they appropriate identities as community members and claim their agency in spite of implications that they have forsaken these identities and this agency by engaging in extreme drinking.
Keywords:
- Indigenous drinking,
- phenomenology,
- drinking and agency,
- drinking and identity
Appendices
Bibliographie
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Appendices
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