Abstracts
Résumé
Historiquement, au Japon, les mesures politiques concernant les Aïnous ont toujours été restreintes au territoire d’Hokkaidō. Toutefois, en reconnaissant officiellement les Aïnous en tant que peuple autochtone du nord du Japon et de ses environs en 2008, le gouvernement a pris la décision sans précédent – et pourtant souvent négligée – d’inclure les Aïnous résidant hors du territoire d’Hokkaidō dans l’élaboration d’une politique nationale aïnoue. Cet article expose le rôle qu’a joué le mouvement politique aïnou à Tokyo au cours des quatre dernières décennies, dans une campagne visant l’égalité des droits des Aïnous indépendamment de leur lieu de résidence. Il aborde également les politiques trop bien connues qui sous-tendent la reconnaissance du peuple aïnou ; reconnaissance qui promettait beaucoup plus que ce que le gouvernement n’avait l’intention d’accomplir.
Mots-clés :
- Aïnous,
- Tokyo,
- droits des autochtones,
- urbanisation,
- géographie politique
Abstract
Historically, Ainu policy measures in Japan have always been limited to Hokkaido. However, in the Japanese government’s recognition of the Ainu people as indigenous to northern Japan and its environs in 2008, the decision was made to include Ainu living outside of Hokkaido in negotiations over a national Ainu policy. In this paper, I survey the role played by the Ainu political movement in Tokyo in a forty years campaign aimed at equalizing the rights for Ainu irrespective of location and discuss the politics of the government’s new position.
Keywords:
- Ainu,
- Tokyo,
- indigenous rights,
- urbanization,
- political geography
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Appendices
Remerciements
Cet article est basé sur un travail de terrain anthropologique avec les Aïnous de Tokyo qui s’est déroulé de 2002 à 2005. J’aimerais profiter de cette occasion pour exprimer ma gratitude envers les Aïnous et ceux qui les appuient à Tokyo et à Hokkaidō qui ont rendu cette recherche possible. Seuls les noms appartenant au domaine public y sont cités sans pseudonymes. À divers moments, ce projet a été financé par la Japan Foundation, la Killam Foundation, l’University of Alberta et le Royal Anthropological Institute.
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