Abstracts
Résumé
Cet essai s’inscrit dans le cadre des réflexions portant sur l’innovation en matière militaire aux États-Unis. Il soulève spécifiquement quatre questions : Dans quelle mesure les Forces armées américaines ont-elles su se réinventer dans le contexte de l’après-guerre froide ? Quelles idées maîtresses les ont guidées ? Comment ont-elles été appliquées ? Et quelles leçons peut-on tirer de cette expérience après vingt ans ? Deux concepts, qui ont inspiré l’effort de réflexion et de réforme américain, retiennent notre attention : la révolution dans les affaires militaires (ram) et la « transformation ». C’est la mise en oeuvre de ces deux concepts qui est analysée, de l’administration Clinton à celle du président Obama.
Mots-clés:
- études stratégiques,
- politique de défense des États-Unis,
- innovation militaire
Abstract
This article contributes to the current debate on military innovation in the US context. It builds on the theorical work of key scholars in military innovation research, namely Barry Posen, Steve Rosen, Harvey Sapolsky and Theo Farrell. More specifically, we look at the way the United States Armed Forces reacted to the Revolution in Military Affairs in the 1990s and we assess the technical, doctrinal and organisational changes in the US military during the two decades following the Cold War. Our analysis examines the evolution of RMA-inspired reforms and the numerous impediments to these initiatives at the political or service level.
Keywords:
- strategic studies,
- United States’ Defense Policy,
- military innovation
Resumen
El presente ensayo hace parte de las reflexiones acerca de la innovación militar en los Estados Unidos y busca responder a cuatro preguntas principales : ¿hasta qué punto las Fuerzas Armadas estadounidenses han sabido reinventarse en un contexto post Guerra Fría ? ¿Cuáles han sido las ideas centrales que las han guiado en dicho proceso ? ¿Cómo las han aplicado ? Y ¿qué enseñanzas nos dejan dos décadas de experiencia en este campo ? El análisis gira en torno à la aplicación de los conceptos de revolución en los asuntos militares (ram) y de “Transformación” durante las presidencias de Clinton, Bush y Obama.
Palabras clave:
- estudios estratégicos,
- política de defensa de los Estados Unidos,
- innovación militar
Appendices
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