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Abstracts
Résumé
En 2013, à Lac-Mégantic (Québec, Canada), un déraillement de train a entrainé d’importantes pertes humaines et matérielles. Cet article dresse le portrait psychosocial de jeunes âgés de 10 à 13 ans et documente les impacts de cette catastrophe sur divers aspects de leur vie. Cette étude a été réalisée auprès de 144 élèves du troisième cycle du primaire (5e et 6e années) par l’intermédiaire d’un questionnaire autoadministré en classe dans deux écoles situées à Lac-Mégantic et dans deux autres situées dans des municipalités à proximité. Cette étude a été réalisée à la suite d’une demande formulée par les organismes du milieu constatant le peu d’informations disponibles sur l’état de santé des jeunes de la communauté de Lac-Mégantic exposés au déraillement du train. Elle démontre que, 3 ans et demi après la tragédie, l’exposition à cette catastrophe technologique a des conséquences sur l’état de santé psychologique des enfants, notamment la présence de manifestations de stress post-traumatique et un faible niveau d’estime de soi. Des proportions plus élevées de jeunes exposés que de non exposés considèrent aussi que des problèmes de stress, d’anxiété ou de comportements ont perturbé leur vie familiale et scolaire. Cet article démontre l’importance d’apporter une attention particulière aux enfants pendant et après leur exposition à une catastrophe technologique afin de limiter les effets néfastes d’un tel évènement sur leur santé à court et à plus long terme. Il s’agit d’une contribution originale étant donné que la majorité des études portant sur les conséquences des catastrophes technologiques abordent le vécu des adultes demeurant aux États-Unis ou en Europe. De plus, les études permettant de documenter les conséquences des désastres sur la santé des jeunes ont surtout été réalisées à la suite de catastrophes naturelles dans d’autres pays que le Canada.
Mots-clés :
- catastrophe technologique,
- enfants,
- santé psychologique,
- stress post-traumatique,
- résilience
Abstract
In 2013, in Lac-Mégantic (Quebec, Canada), a train derailment resulted in significant loss of life and property in this small community. The article presents the psychosocial profile of young people (10 to 13 years old) and documents the impact of the exposure to this technological disaster on various aspects of their lives. Three and a half years after the tragedy, 144 students aged 10 to 13 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire in their class in two schools located in Lac-Mégantic and in two others in nearby municipalities. This study was conducted following a request from community organizations noting the limited information available on the health status of young people in the Lac-Mégantic community exposed to the train derailment. The results of the study show that direct or indirect exposure to this train accident has negative impacts on the psychological health of children, including the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder and a low level of self-esteem. Higher proportions of exposed youth also consider that the presence of stress, anxiety, or behavioral problems has a negative impact on their family and school life. This article demonstrates the importance to pay special attention to children during and after their exposure to a technological disaster in order to limit the short and long-term negative effects of disasters on their health. This is an original contribution as the majority of studies dealing with the consequences of technological disasters address the experiences of adults living either in the United States or in Europe. In addition, studies that document the impact of disasters on young people’s health have mostly been conducted as a result of natural disasters and in countries other than Canada.
Keywords:
- technological disaster,
- children,
- psychological health,
- posttraumatic stress,
- resilience
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Appendices
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