Abstracts
Abstract
Odesa was one of the largest and most important cities in the Russian Empire. Numerous studies have addressed the economic development and social structure of Odesa, but there are some gaps in the knowledge of the social stratification during the nineteenth century. Although most studies of the social and economic histories of Ukraine provide qualitative or highly aggregated quantitative data, micro-data at the level of individuals and households in Ukraine are rare. This paper provides new micro-data from the 1897 census in Odesa. It is the first attempt to code occupations of Odesa workers according to the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). Of the 2,435 individuals in the 457 sampled households analyzed, 1,443 individuals demonstrate 86 of the unique occupations coded with the international HISCO scheme. The analysis compares these HISCO occupations by the social estates, the gender, and the language of the surveyed individuals. The study confirms several old hypotheses but also unearths new findings regarding the number of urban females involved in service and sales occupations.
Keywords:
- occupations,
- social stratification,
- HISCO,
- Ukraine,
- Odesa
Appendices
Bibliography
- Allen, Robert C., et al. “Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1738–1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan, and India.” The Economic History Review, vol. 64, 2011, pp. 8–38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.2010.00515.x
- Bavel, Jan van, and Jan Kok. “Birth Spacing in the Netherlands. The Effects of Family Composition, Occupation and Religion on Birth Intervals, 1820–1885.” European Journal of Population/Revue européenne de démographie, vol. 20, no. 2, 2004, pp. 119–40.
- Borodkin, Leonid, et al. “The Rural/Urban Wage Gap in the Industrialization of Russia, 1884–1910.” European Review of Economic History, vol. 12, no. 1, 2008, pp. 67–95. DOI: 10.1017/S1361491608002116.
- Boter, C. A. “Before She Said ‘I Do’: The Impact of Industrialization on Unmarried Women’s Labour Force Participation 1812–1932.” Working Papers of the Centre of Global Economic History at Utrecht University, no. 56, 2014.
- Bottero, Wendy, and Kenneth Prandy. “Social Interaction Distance and Stratification.” The British Journal of Sociology, vol. 54, no. 2, 2003, pp. 177–97. DOI: 10.1080/0007131032000080195
- Brik, Tymofii. “Wages of Male and Female Domestic Workers in the Cossack Hetmanate: Poltava, 1765 to 1769.” Economic History of Developing Regions, vol. 33, no. 2, 2018, pp. 123–46. DOI: 10.1080/20780389.2017.1372186.
- Briukhanova, Elena, and Vladimir Vladimirov. Kodirovanie istoricheskikh professii. Izd–vo Alt. un–ta, 2015.
- Burds, Jeffrey. Peasant Dreams and Market Politics: Labor Migration and the Russian Village, 1861–1905. Pittsburgh UP, 1998.
- Dempster, Gregory M. “The Fiscal Background of the Russian Revolution.” European Review of Economic History, vol. 10, no. 1, 2006, pp. 35–50. DOI: 10.1017/s1361491605001589.
- Finkel, Evgeny, et al. “Does Reform Prevent Rebellion? Evidence from Russia’s Emancipation of the Serfs.” Comparative Political Studies, vol. 48, no. 8, 2015, pp. 984–1019. DOI: 10.1177/0010414014565887.
- Goodwin, Barry K., and Thomas J. Grennes. “Tsarist Russia and the World Wheat Market.” Explorations in Economic History, vol. 35, no. 4, 1998, pp. 405–30. DOI: 10.1006/exeh.1998.0706
- Herlihy, Patricia. “The Ethnic Composition of the City of Odessa in the Nineteenth Century.” Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, 1977, pp. 53–78.
- Hilton, Marjorie L. Selling to the Masses: Retailing in Russia, 1880–1930. Pittsburgh UP, 2012.
- Horrell, Sara, and Jane Humphries. “Women's Labour Force Participation and the Transition to the Male–breadwinner Family, 1790–1865.” Economic History Review, vol. 48, no. 1, 1995, pp. 89–117. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1995.tb01410.x.
- Khabarova, Ol'ga. “Izuchenie spektra professii naseleniia goroda Sevastopolia v XIX v. na osnove dannykh metricheskikh knig: metodika i obshchaia kharakteristika issledovaniia.” Istoricheskoe professiovedenie: istochniki, metody, tekhnologii analiza: sb. statei, edited by Vladimir Vladimirov and Marco van Leeuwen, Izd-vo Alt. un-ta., 2015, pp. 182–212.
- Klüsener, Sebastian, et al. “Exploring the Role of Communication in Shaping Fertility Transition Patterns in Space and Time.” Agent–based Modelling in Population Studies: Concepts, Methods and Applications, edited by Jan van Bavel and Andre Grow, Springer, 2017, pp. 369–403.
- Kok, Jan, and Jan van Bavel. “Stemming the Tide. Denomination and Religiousness in the Dutch Fertility Transition, 1845–1945.” Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World, edited by Renzo Derosas and Frans van Poppel, Springer, 2006, pp. 83–105.
- Kulikov, Volodymyr. “The Hundred Largest Employers in the Russian Empire, Circa 1913.” Business History Review, vol. 91, no. 4, 2017, pp. 735–65. DOI: 10.1017/s0007680517001362.
- Kulikov, Volodymyr, and Martin Kragh. “Big Business in the Russian Empire: A European Perspective.” Business History, vol. 61, no. 2, 2019, pp. 299–321. DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2017.1374369.
- Lambert, Paul S., et al. “The Construction of HISCAM: A Stratification Scale Based on Social Interactions for Historical Comparative Research.” Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, vol. 46, no. 2, 2013, pp. 77–89. DOI: 10.1080/01615440.2012.715569.
- Leeuwen, Marco H. D. van, and Ineke Maas. “Historical Studies of Social Mobility and Stratification.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 36, 2010, pp. 429–51. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102635.
- Leeuwen, M. H. D. V., et al. HISCO: Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations. Leuven UP, 2002.
- Maas, Ineke, and Marco H. D. van Leeuwen. “Toward Open Societies? Trends in Male Intergenerational Class Mobility in European Countries during Industrialization.” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 122, no. 3, 2016, pp. 838–85. DOI: 10.1086/689815.
- Markevich, Andrei, and Ekaterina Zhuravskaya. “The Economic Effects of the Abolition of Serfdom: Evidence from the Russian Empire.” American Economic Review, vol. 108, nos. 4–5, 2018, pp. 1074–117. DOI: 10.1086/689815.
- Mironov, Boris. Sotsial'naia istoriia Rossii perioda imperii (XVIII - nachalo XX v.). Izd. “Dmitrii Bulanin,” 1999.
- Mitch, David, et al. Origins of the Modern Career. Ashgate, 2004.
- Poppel, Frans W. A. van, et al. “Diffusion of a Social Norm: Tracing the Emergence of the Housewife in the Netherlands, 1812–1922.” The Economic History Review, vol. 62, no. 1, 2009, pp. 99–127. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.2008.00433.x.
- Poppel, Frans van, et al. “Religion and Social Mobility in Nineteenth-Century The Hague.” Sociology of Religion, vol. 64, no. 2, 2003, pp. 247–71. DOI: 10.2307/3712373.
- Prousis, Theophilus C. “Dēmētrios S. Inglezēs: Greek Merchant and City Leader of Odessa.” Slavic Review, vol. 50, no. 3, 1991, pp. 672–79. DOI: 10.2307/2499863.
- Putte, Bart van de, and Andrew Miles. “A Social Classification Scheme for Historical Occupational Data: Partner Selection and Industrialism in Belgium and England, 1800–1918.” Historical Methods, vol. 38, no. 2, 2005, pp. 61–94. DOI: 10.3200/HMTS.38.2.61-94.
- Schellekens, Jona, and Frans van Poppel. “Religious Differentials in Marital Fertility in The Hague (Netherlands), 1860–1909.” Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World, edited by Renzo Derosas and Frans van Poppel, Springer, 2006, pp. 59–81.
- Vassilikou, Maria. “Greeks and Jews in Salonika and Odessa: Inter-ethnic Relations in Cosmopolitan Port Cities.” Jewish Culture and History, vol. 4, no. 2, 2001, pp. 155–72. DOI: 10.1080/1462169x.2001.10512235.
- Vladimirov, Vladimir, editor. Istoricheskoe professiovedenie: sb. nauch. tr. Izd-vo Alt. gos. un-ta., 2004.
- Vodotyka, Tetiana. “Sotsial'na tsina ta sotsial'na vidpovidal'nist': pidpryiemnyts'ka blahodiinist' u druhii polovyni XIX st.” Problemy istorii Ukrainy XIX–pochatku XX st, vol. 1, 2013, pp. 14–24.