Abstracts
Résumé
Le concept de résilience est utilisé en sciences sociales depuis 30 ans. Il renvoie à la capacité de rebondir et d’apprendre d’une expérience difficile. La résilience familiale est un concept plus récent pour lequel aucun consensus n’est établi actuellement. Une analyse de concept, basée sur l’approche de Walker et Avant, est menée pour aider à la définir. Après avoir différencié les notions de coping et d’invulnérabilité de la résilience familiale, les antécédents, conséquences et attributs sont présentés afin d’en arriver à une définition. Pour que se développe la résilience familiale, il doit y avoir une situation perçue, par la famille, comme un défi. Le développement et l’apprentissage effectués par une famille à la suite du suicide d’un(e) adolescent(e) semblent liés à la résilience familiale. Les particularités du deuil familial suite à un suicide à l’adolescence sont présentées après l’analyse de concept afin d’énoncer les particularités de ce lien potentiel.
Mots-clés :
- résilience familiale,
- deuil,
- suicide,
- adolescence
Abstract
The concept of resiliency has been used in the social sciences for 30 years. It refers to the ability to bounce back, to grow, and to learn when confronted with a situation perceived as a challenge. Family resiliency is a newer concept and there is no consensus on its definition. A concept analysis, based on Walker and Avant’s approach, was used to help define family resiliency. First, the concept was distinguished from coping and invulnerability. Antecedent, consequences and attributes of family resiliency were then identified. In a broad sense, families should be facing a challenge for family resiliency to develop. Family development and learning following the suicide of one of its adolescent members seem intricately linked to family resiliency. The characteristics of family mourning following the suicide of an adolescent are presented after the concept analysis in order to help understand this potential link.
Keywords:
- family resiliency,
- mourning,
- suicide,
- adolescence
Download the article in PDF to read it. Download
Appendices
Bibliographie
- ANAUT, M. (2005). « Le concept de résilience et ses applications cliniques », Recherche en Soins Infirmiers, no 82, septembre, p. 4-11.10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00306-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ANAUT, M. (2003). La résilience, Surmonter les traumatismes, Paris, Nathan Université.10.1027/0227-5910.16.1.27 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BELL, C.C. (2001). « Cultivating resiliency in youth », Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 29, p. 375-381.10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00306-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BERGERON, A. et É. VOLANT (1998). Le suicide et le deuil, Montréal, Éditions du Méridien.10.1016/S0883-9417(96)80036-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BOARD, R. et N. RYAN-WENGER (2000). « State of the science of parental stress and family functioning in pediatric intensive care units », American Journal of Critical Care, vol. 9, no 2, p. 106-124.10.1080/07481180302892 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CALHOUN, L.G. et B.G. ALLEN (1991). « Social reactions to the survivor of a suicide in the family : A review of the literature », Omega, vol. 23, p. 95-107.10.1017/CBO9780511550423.014 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CALLAHAN, H.E. (2003). « Families dealing with advanced heart failure : A challenge and an opportunity », Critical Care Nursing Quaterly, vol. 26, no 3, p. 230-243.10.1023/B:SOCI.0000025569.95499.b5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CHEN, J. et S.H. RANKIN (2002). « Using the resiliency model to deliver culturally sensitive care to Chinese families », Journal of Pediatric Nursing : Nursing Care of Children and Families, vol. 17, no 3, p. 157-166.10.1080/019261800261699 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CLARK, S.E. et R.D. GOLDNEY (1995). « Grief reactions and recovery in a support group for people bereaved by suicide », Crisis, vol. 16, p. 27-33.10.1027/0227-5910.16.1.27 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CLEIREN, M. et R. DIEKSTRA (1995). « After the loss : Bereavement after suicide and other types of death », dans B.L. MISHARA (dir.), The Impact of Suicide, New York, Springer Publishing Company, p. 7-39.10.1177/1066480700084007 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- COWAN, P.A., C. PAPE COWAN et M.S. SCHULZ (1996). « Thinking about risk and resilience in families », dans E.M. HETHERINGTON et E.A. BLECHMAN (dir.), Stress, Coping, and Resiliency in Children and Families, New Jersey, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 1-38.10.1177/1066480795034005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CVINAR, J.G. (2005). « Do suicide survivors suffer social stigma : A review of the literature ». Perspective in Psychiatric Care, vol. 41, p. 14-21.10.1111/j.0031-5990.2005.00004.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DALY, K.J. (1999). « Crisis of genealogy : Facing the challenges of infertility », dans H.I. MCCUBBIN, E.A. THOMPSON, A.I. THOMPSON et J.A. FUTRELL (dir.), The Dynamics of Resilient Families, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication, p. 1-39.10.1046/j.1525-1446.2000.00374.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DELAGE, M. (2008). La résilience familiale. Paris, Odile Jacob.10.1097/00044067-200302000-00005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DE MONTIGNY, F. et L. BEAUDET (1997). Lorsque la vie éclate : l’impact de la mort d’un enfant sur la famille, Saint-Laurent, Édition du Renouveau Pédagogique.10.1027/0227-5910.25.2.78 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DYER, J.G. et T. MINTON MCGUINESS (1996). « Resilience : Analysis of the concept », Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, vol. 10, p. 276-282.10.1016/S0883-9417(96)80036-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DYREGROV, K., D. NORDANGER et A. DYREGROV (2003). « Predictors of psychosocial distress after suicide, sids and accident », Death Studies, vol. 27, p. 143-165.10.1080/07481180302892 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ELDER, S.L. et D. KNOWLES (2002). « Suicide in the family », dans N.B. WEBB (dir.), Helping Bereaved Children : A Handbook for Practitioners, New York, Guilford Press, p. 128-148.10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03300.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FARBEROW, N.L. (2001). « Helping suicide survivors », dans D. LESTER (dir.), Suicide Prevention : Resources for the Millennium, Philadelphie, Brunner-Routledge, p. 189-212.10.1080/07481189608252753 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GALLO, C.L. et C.R. PFEFFER (2003). « Children and adolescents bereaved by a suicidal death : Implications for psychosocial outcomes and interventions », dans R.A. KING et A. APTER (dir.), Suicide in Children and Adolescents, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 294-312.10.1017/CBO9780511550423.014 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GILGAN, J.F. (1999). « Mapping resilience as process among adults with childhood adversities », dans H.I. MCCUBBIN, E.A. THOMPSON, A.I. THOMPSON et J.A. FUTRELL (dir.), The Dynamics of Resilient Families, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, p. 41-70.10.1080/074811899201118 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GLANTZ, M.D. et Z. SLOBODA (1999). « Analysis and reconceptualization of resilience », dans M.D. GLANTZ et J.L. JOHNSON (dir.), Resilience and Development : Positive Life Adaptations, New York, Kluwer Academic, p. 109-126.10.1007/s10615-005-2621-5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GOLBY, B.J. et I. BRETHERTON (1999). « Resilience in postdivorce mother-child relationships », dans H.I. MCCUBBIN, E.A. THOMPSON, A.I. THOMPSON et J.A. FUTRELL (dir.), The Dynamics of Resilient Families, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, p. 237-269.10.1002/jclp.10019 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GRATTON, F. (1999). Secret, deuil et suicide, Recension d’écrits, Montréal, Université de Montréal.10.1002/nur.10100 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GREEF, A.P. et S. VAN DER MERWE (2004). « Variables associated with resilience in divorced families », Social Indicators Research, vol. 68, p. 59-75.10.1023/B:SOCI.0000025569.95499.b5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HAWLEY, D.R. (2000). « Clinical implications of family resilience », The American Journal of Family Therapy, vol. 28, p. 101-116.10.1080/019261800261699 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- HOOGERBRUGGE, S.J. (2002). « Complicated grief : Family systems as a model for healing », dans G.R. COX, R.A. BENDIKSEN et R.G. STEVENSON (dir.), Complicated Grieving and Bereavement : Understanding and Treating People Experiencing Loss, New York, Baywood Publishing Company, p. 289-302.10.1177/107484070000600403 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JACELON, C.S. (1996). « The trait and process of resilience », Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 25, p. 123-129.10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025123.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JAQUES, J.D. (2000). « Surviving suicide : The impact on the family », The Family Journal : Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, vol. 8, p. 376-379.10.1177/1066480700084007 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JONHSON, A.C. (1995). « Resiliency mechanisms in culturally diverse families », The Family Journal : Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, vol. 3, p. 316-324.10.1177/1066480795034005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JORDAN, J.R. (2001). « Is suicide bereavement different ? A reassessment of the literature », Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, vol. 31, p. 91-102.10.1521/suli.31.1.91.21310 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JOUBERT, N. (2003). La résilience et la prévention du suicide : se réapproprier la souffrance de l’être et notre quête du bien-être, Montréal, Institut national de santé publique du Québec.10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JOUBERT, N. et J. RAEBURN (1998). « Mental health promotion : People, power and passion », International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, vol. 1, septembre, p. 15-22.10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KALISCHUK, R.G. et V.E. HAYES (2004). « Grieving, mourning, and healing following youth suicide : A focus on health and well being in families », Omega, vol. 48, p. 45-67.10.1177/10459602013003011 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KAPLAN, H.B. (1999). « Toward an understanding of resilience : A critical review of definitions and models », dans M.D. GLANTZ et J.L. JOHNSON (dir.), Resilience and Development : Positive Life Adaptations, New York, Kluwer Academic, p. 17-83.10.1002/jclp.10025 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KNIEPER, A.J. (1999). « The suicide survivor’s grief and recovery », Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, vol. 29, p. 353-364.10.3917/rsi.082.0004 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KULIG, J.C. (2000). « Community resiliency : The potential for community health nursing theory development », Public Health Nursing, vol. 17, p. 374-385.10.1046/j.1525-1446.2000.00374.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KUMPFER, K.L. (1999). « Factors and processes contributing to resilience », dans M.D. GLANTZ et J.L. JOHNSON (dir.), Resilience and Development : Positive Life Adaptations, New York, Kluwer Academic, p. 179-224.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LECOMTE, J. (2005). « Les caractéristiques des tuteurs de résilience », Recherche en Soins Infirmiers, vol. 82, septembre, p. 22-25.10.4037/ajcc2000.9.2.106 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LESKE, J.S. (2003). « Comparison of family stresses, strenghts, and outcomes after trauma and Surgery », AACN Clinical Issues : Advanced Practice in Acute and Critical Care, vol. 14, no 1, p. 33-41.10.1097/00044067-200302000-00005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LESTER, D. (2004). « Denial in suicide survivors », Crisis, vol. 25, p. 78-79.10.1027/0227-5910.25.2.78 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LOHAN, J.A. et S.A MURPHY (2002). « Family functionning and family typology after an adolescent or young adult’s sudden violent death », Journal of Family Nursing, vol. 8, no 1, p. 32-49.10.1053/jpdn.2002.124109 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LOISELLE, C., A. BOURBONNAIS, S. DUBOIS, C. GENEST, S. LAMBERT, C. LONGPRÉ, M. LONGTIN et N. PONZONI (2005), Séminaire SOI 7003 : Séminaire avancé en sciences infirmières : Analyse de concept [Groupe de réflexion], Montréal, Université de Montréal.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LUTHAR, S.S., D. CICCHETTI et B. BECKER (2000). « The construct of resilience : A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work », Child Development, vol. 71, p. 543-562.10.1111/1467-8624.00164 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, H.I. et M.A. MCCUBBIN (1988). « Typologies of resilient families : Emerging of social class and ethnicity », Family Relations, vol. 37, p. 247-254.10.2307/584557 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, H.I, M.A. MCCUBBIN, A.I, THOMPSON, S.-Y. HAN et C.T. ALLEN (1997). « Families under stress : What makes them resilient », en ligne, <http://www1.cyfernet.org/prog/fam/97-McCubbin-resilient.html>, consulté le 2005-03-11.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, H.I. et A.I. THOMPSON (1987). Family Assessment Inventories for Research and Practice, Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, L. (2001). Challenge to the Definition of Resilience, communication présentée à l’American Psychological Association Conference, août 2001, San Francisco, États-Unis.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, M.A. et H.I. MCCUBBIN (1996). « Resiliency in families : A conceptual model of family adjustment and adaptation in response to stress and crises », dans H.I. MCCUBBIN, A.I. THOMPSON et M.A. MCCUBBIN (dir.), Family Assessment : Resiliency, Coping and Adaptation : Inventories for Research and Practice, Madison, Université du Wisconsin, p. 1-64.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCCUBBIN, M.A. et H.I. MCCUBBIN (1993). « Families coping with illness : The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment, and Adaptation », dans C. DANIELSON, B. HAMEL-BISSEL et P. WINSTEAD-FRY (dir.), Families, Health, and Illness, New York, Mosby, p. 21-63.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCGOLDRICK, M. et F. WALSH (1991). « A time to mourn : Death and the family life cycle », dans F. WALSH et M. MCGOLDRICK (dir.), Living Beyond Loss : Death in the Family, New York, Norton, p. 30-49.10.1007/0-306-47167-1_6 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MCINTOSH, J.L. et L.D. KELLY (1992). « Survivors’ reactions : Suicide vs. other causes », Crises, vol. 13, p. 82-93.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MEDERER, H.J. (1999). « Surviving the demise of a way of Life. Stress and resilience in northeastern commercial fishing families », dans H.I. MCCUBBIN, E.A. THOMPSON, A.I. THOMPSON et J.A. FUTRELL (dir.), The Dynamics of Resilient Families, Thousand Oaks, Sage Publications, p. 203-235.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MOOS, R.H. et J.A. SCAEFER (1986). « The search for meaning and its potential for affecting growth in bereaved parents », dans R.H. MOOS (dir.), Coping with Life Crises : An Integrated Approach, New York, Plenum Press, p. 235-243.10.4324/9781315224923-20 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MU, P. (2005). « Paternal reactions to a child with epilepsy : Uncertainty, coping strategies, and depression », Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol 49, no 4, p. 367-376.10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03300.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MURPHY, S.A. (1996). « Parent bereavement stress and preventive intervention following the violent deaths of adolescent or young adult children », Death Studies, vol. 20, p. 441-452.10.1080/07481189608252753 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MURPHY, S.A. (2000). « The use of research finding in bereavement programs : A case study », Death Study, vol. 24, p. 585-602.10.1080/07481180050132794 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MURPHY, S.A., A.D. GUPTA, K.C. CAIN, L.C. JOHNSON, J. LOHAN, L. WU et J. MEKWA (1999). « Changes in parents’ mental distress after the violent death of an adolescent or young adult child : A longitudinal prospective analysis », Death Studies, vol. 23, p. 129-159.10.1080/074811899201118 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- NELSON, B.J. et T. FRANTZ (1996). « Family interactions of suicide survivors and survivors of non-suicidal death », Omega, vol. 33, p. 131-146.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- PARRISH, M. et J. TUNKLE (2005). « Clinical challenges following an adolescent’s death by suicide : Bereavement issues faced by family, friends, schools, and clinicians », Clinical Social Work Journal, vol. 33, no 1, p. 81-102.10.1007/s10615-005-2621-5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- PATTERSON, J.M. (2002). « Understanding family resilience », Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 58, p. 233-246.10.1002/jclp.10019 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- POILPOT, M.-P. (2003). « La résilience : le réalisme de l’espérance », dans Fondation pour l’enfance (dir.), La résilience : le réalisme de l’espérance, Saint-Agne, Érès, p. 9-12.10.1177/107484070200800103 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- PSIUK, T. (2005). « La résilience, un atout pour la qualité des soins », Recherche en Soins Infirmiers, no 82, septembre, p. 12-21.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RAPIN, A. (2003). « Entretien avec le neuropsychiatre Boris Cyrulnik. Il ne faut jamais réduire personne à son trauma », Ministère des Affaires étrangères, en ligne, <http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/label_france/France/IDEES/cyrulnik/page.html>, consulté le 2003-02-17.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RAYENS, M.K. et E.K. SVAVARSDOTTIR (2003). « A new methodological approach in nursing research : An actor, partner, and interaction effect model for family outcomes », Research in Nursing and Health, vol. 26, p. 409-419.10.1002/nur.10100 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RICHARDSON, G.E. (2002). « The metatheory of resilience and resiliency », Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 58, p. 307-321.10.1002/jclp.10020 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ROBINSON, D.L. (1997). « Family stress theory : Implications for family health », Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 9, no 1, p. 17-23.10.1111/j.1745-7599.1997.tb01268.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ROLF, J.E. (1999). « Resilience. An interview with Norman Garmezy », dans M.D. GLANTZ et J.L. JOHNSON (dir.), Resilience and Development : Positive Life Adaptations, New York, Kluwer Academic, p. 5-14.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RUNGREANGKULKIJ, S. et C.L. GILLIS (2000). « Conceptual approaches to studying family caregiving for persons with severe mental illness », Journal of Family Nursing, vol. 6, no 4, p. 341-366.10.1177/107484070000600403 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RUTTER, M. (1993). « Resilience : Some conceptual considerations », Journal of Adolescent Health, vol. 14, p. 626-631.10.1016/1054-139X(93)90196-V Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SÉGUIN, M. et P. HUON (1999). Le suicide, Comment prévenir, comment intervenir, Outremont, Éditions Logiques.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SETHI, S. et S.C. BHARGAVA (2003). « Child and adolescent survivors of suicide », Crisis, vol. 24, p. 4-6.10.1027//0227-5910.24.1.4 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SILLIMAN, B. (1994). « 1994 Resiliency research review : Conceptual and research foundations », en ligne, <http://www1.cyfernet.org/prog/fam/94-Silliman-resilreview.html>, consulté le 2004-02-25.10.2190/3AQ4-KUQE-KJ4R-8Q89 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SIMON, J.B., J.J. MURPHY et S.M. SMITH (2005). « Understanding and fostering resilience », The Family Journal : Counseling and Therapy for Couple and Family, vol. 13, no 4, p. 427-436.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- THORNTON, G., K.D. WHITTEMORE et D.U. ROBERTSON (1989). « Evaluation of people bereaved by suicide », Death Studies, vol. 13, p. 119-126.10.1080/07481188908252289 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TOMKIEWICZ, S. (2003). « L’émergence du concept », dans Fondation pour l’enfance (dir.), La résilience : le réalisme de l’espérance, Saint-Agne, Érès, p. 45-66.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TOUSIGNANT, M. et E. EHRENSAFT (2003). « La résilience par la reconstruction du sens : l’expérience des traumas individuels et collectifs », dans Fondation pour l’enfance (dir.), La résilience : le réalisme de l’espérance, Saint-Agne, Érès, p. 197-221.10.1007/0-306-47167-1_2 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- VAN BREDA, A.D. (2001). « Resilience theory : A literature review », en ligne, <http://www.vanbreda.org/adrian/resilience.htm>, consulté le 2010-05-15.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- VANISTENDAEL, S. (2003). « Humour et résilience : le sourire qui fait vivre », dans Fondation pour l’enfance (dir.), La résilience : le réalisme de l’espérance, Saint-Agne, Érès, p. 161-195.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WAGNER, K.G. et L.G. CALHOUN (1991-92). « Perceptions of social support by suicide survivors and their social networks », Omega, vol. 24, p. 61-73.10.1177/1066480705278724 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WAGNILD, G. et H.M. YOUNG (1990). « Resilience among older women », Journal of Nursing Scholarship, vol. 22, no 4, p. 252-255.10.1111/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00224.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WALKER, L.O. et K.C. AVANT (1995). Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing, 3e éd., New York, Appelton, Century, Crofts.10.3917/eres.fonda.2005.01.0197 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WALSH, F. (1996). « The concept of family resilience : Crisis and challenge », Family Process, vol. 35, no 3, p. 261-281.10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00261.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WALSH, F. (1998). « Fondations of a family resilience approach », dans F. WALSH (dir.), Strengthening Family Resilience, New York, Guilford Press, p. 3-25.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WALSH, F. (2003). « Family resilience : A framework for clinical practice », Family Process, vol. 42, no 1, p. 1-18.10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WALSH, F. et M. MCGOLDRICK (1991). « Loss and the family : A systemic perspective », dans F. WALSH et M. MCGOLDRICK (dir.), Living Beyond Loss : Death in the Family, New York, Norton, p. 1-29.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WERNER, E.E. et R.S. SMITH (1982). Vulnerable but Invincible, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WERNER, E.E. et R.S. SMITH (2001). Journeys from Childhood to Midlife, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WHITE, N., J. RITCHER, J. KOECKERITZ, Y.A. LEE et K.L. MUNCH (2002). « A cross-cultural comparison of family resiliency in hemodialysis patients », Journal of Transcultural Nursing, vol. 13, no 3, p. 218-227.10.1177/10459602013003011 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WILKES, G. (2002). « Introduction : A second generation of resilience research », Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 58, p. 229-232.10.1002/jclp.10025 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WRIGHT, L.M. et M. LEAHEY (2001). L’infirmière et la famille, Guide d’évaluation et d’intervention, 2e éd., Saint-Laurent, Éditions du Renouveau pédagogique.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar