Abstracts
Résumé
Les formes d’abus en milieu de travail sont multiples. Parmi elles, on retrouve l’incivilité, la discrimination, le harcèlement (en général), le harcèlement sexuel, l’intimidation, l’agression physique, le leadership abusif, ainsi que le climat organisationnel tolérant les abus. Sur la base des gestes impliqués, certaines formes d’abus sont qualifiées d’intensité faible (p. ex. l’incivilité), modérée (p. ex. l’intimidation) ou élevée (p. ex. l’agression physique). L’objectif de cette recension des écrits est de déterminer si ces différentes formes d’abus ont des incidences qui diffèrent en importance en ce qui a trait à la santé des travailleurs qui en sont victimes. Une recension des études quantitatives de synthèse ayant porté sur chacune de ces formes d’abus a été réalisée. Douze méta-analyses ont été répertoriées. L’analyse comparative des effets et de leurs intervalles de confiance montre qu’en général, les différentes formes d’abus ne se différencient pas quant aux liens observés sur la santé psychologique (p. ex. l'épuisement, la dépression, le stress, le bien-être, les émotions positives et négatives) et la santé physique (p. ex. les tensions physiques, les problèmes de sommeil). Les quelques différences relevées invalident l’hypothèse que l’intensité présumée des formes d’abus est associée à la taille des effets observés. Sur le plan pratique, les organisations et gestionnaires devraient ainsi porter attention à chacune de ces formes d’abus, qui semblent toutes préjudiciables pour les travailleurs. Sur le plan scientifique, l’analyse réalisée est originale dans la mesure où elle a permis de rassembler des travaux de synthèse sur huit formes d’abus qui proviennent de littératures distinctes et qui n’avaient jamais été comparées, à notre connaissance.
Mots-clés :
- Abus au travail,
- Santé psychologique,
- Santé physique,
- Revue de littérature,
- Méta-analyses
Abstract
There are many forms of abuse in the workplace. These include incivility, discrimination, harassment (in general), sexual harassment, bullying, physical assault, abusive leadership, and an organizational climate that tolerates abuse. Based on the actions involved, some forms of abuse are classified as low (e.g., incivility), moderate (e.g., bullying), or high (e.g., physical assault) intensity. The purpose of this literature review is to determine whether these different forms of abuse have impacts that differ in magnitude with respect to the health of workers who experience them. A review of quantitative review studies that examined each of these forms of abuse was conducted. Twelve meta-analyses were identified. The comparative analysis of the effects and their confidence intervals shows that, in general, the different forms of abuse do not differ in terms of the observed links on psychological health (e.g. exhaustion, depression, stress, well-being, positive and negative emotions) and physical health (e.g. physical tension, sleep problems). The few differences identified invalidate the hypothesis that the presumed intensity of the forms of abuse is associated with the size of the observed effects. From a practical point of view, organizations and managers should therefore pay attention to each of these forms of abuse, which all seem to be detrimental to workers. From a scientific point of view, the analysis carried out is original insofar as it has made it possible to bring together synthesis works on eight forms of abuse, from distinct literatures and which had never been compared to our knowledge.
Keywords:
- Workplace abuse,
- Psychological health,
- Physical health,
- Literature review,
- Meta-analyses
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Appendices
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