Abstracts
Abstract
Most of the crofters forced off the Isle of Lewis by the potato famine of the 1840s became colonists on the rugged northern Appalachian frontier of Canada East (the province of Quebec) where they reconstituted many elements of their close-knit Gaelic-speaking society. While their new settlements were largely homogenous, the fact that families depended upon the wages of young men and women sojourning in the United States resulted in cultural assimilation, permanent out-migration, and population decline, so that there was little left of this once-vibrant Highland community by the early twentieth century. While the Quebec Scots became widely dispersed across the continent during this second exodus, identifiable communities formed in American cities such as Springfield, Massachusetts, and Seattle, Washington, where they continued to depend upon each other for support. This essay will examine that support network, and the emotional cost of emigration, largely through the writing of a Canadian-born bard who spent much of his adult life in the United States.
Résumé
La plupart des petits agriculteurs chassés de l’Île de Lewis par la Grande Famine d’Irlande durant les années 1840 sont venus s’installer dans la région accidentée des Appalaches du Nord, à la frontière du Canada-Est (la province de Québec), où ils ont reproduit de nombreux éléments de leur société gaélophone très soudée. Leurs nouveaux peuplements étaient largement homogènes, mais le fait que les familles dépendaient du salaire des jeunes hommes et femmes séjournant aux États-Unis a entraîné une assimilation culturelle, une émigration permanente et une diminution de la population, de telle sorte qu’il ne restait plus grand-chose, au début du XXe siècle, de la communauté montagnarde jadis flamboyante. Les Écossais du Québec se sont largement dispersés à travers le continent au cours de ce deuxième exode, mais des communautés identifiables se sont constituées dans des villes américaines telles que Springfield, Massachusetts, Seattle et Washington où elles ont maintenu leur tradition d’entraide. Cet essai examinera ce réseau d’entraide ainsi que le coût émotionnel de l’émigration, en bonne partie à travers les écrits d’un barde né au Canada, qui a pratiquement passé sa vie adulte au États-Unis.
Appendices
Appendices
Bibliographie
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