Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude examine les réponses fournies par 2278 entrepreneurs de 14 pays sur les motifs qui les ont incités à fonder une entreprise. Une première analyse statistique a révélé des divergences appréciables dans la façon dont les entrepreneurs répondaient aux 38 questions sur la motivation et, beaucoup plus important, dans la façon avec laquelle certaines nationalités appréciaient l’importance des motivations. Pour corriger ces modes de réponse, les données originales furent recodées et reclassées en utilisant la méthode statistique de l’équation personnelle. La classification hiérarchique ascendante des données recodées a révélé que les motivations se regroupaient en trois grandes entités régionales : le bloc anglosaxon, le bloc Scandinave, et le bloc mixte qui se compose surtout de pays en voie de développement. Suite à une analyse f actorielle Varimax par rotation des données recodées et reclassées, sept grands facteurs de motivation se dégagent : besoin de reconnaissance sociale, besoin de développement personnel, besoin d’argent, besoin d'indépendance et d’autonomie, altruisme communautaire, besoin d’évasion, et opportunisme. La distribution de cesfacteurs et des variables qui les constituent montre que les motivations entrepreneuriales transgressent les frontières nationales et transcendent les systèmes culturels des pays. A la lumière de ces résultats, il apparaît assez clairement que la motivation à devenir entrepreneur dans un pays donné est avant tout déterminée par des facteurs métaculturels qui transcendent l’environnement socio-économique immédiat.
Abstract
This research bears on the answers provided by 2278entrepreneurs in 14 countries about their motivation to establish a new enterprise. Preliminary statistical analysis revealed important differences in the way entrepreneurs answer motivation questions (38 of them) and, even more important, in the way certain nationalities gauge the relative importance of motivation factors. To correct these answering modes, the original data were recoded and reclassified according to the personal equation statistical method. Ascending hierarchical classification of the recoded data reveals that motivations are grouped according to three broad regional entities : the Anglo-Saxon Block, the Scandinavian Block, and the Mixed Block which comprises developing countries for the most part. Seven main motivation factors emerge from the rotated Varimax factor analysis of the recoded and reclassified data : need for social recognition, need for selfdevelopment, need for money, needfor independence and autonomy, communitarianism, need forescape, and opportunism. The distribution of these factors and of the the underlying variables suggests clearly that entrepreneurial motivations cut across national boundaries and transcend cultural systems of countries. The results indicate that the motivation to become an entrepreneur in a given country is primarily determined by metacultural factors that transcend the immediate socio-economic environment.
Resumen
Este estudio esta fundado en las respuestas de 2278 empresarios en 14 países sobre su motivación para establecer una nueva empresa. El analisis estadístico ha revelado apreciares divergencias en la forma en la que los empresarios respondieron a las 38 preguntas de motivación y mucho mas importante, laforma en la que ciertas nacionalidades mostraban la relativa importancia de las motiva- dones. Para corregir estas formas de respuesta, los datos originales fueron codados y clasificados de nuevo, utilizando el método estadístico de la ecuación personal. El ascendente analisis jerárquico de los datos recodados ha revelado que las motivaciones se reagrupaban en tres grandes entidades regionales : el bloque anglosajón, el bloque escandinavo, y el bloque mixto constituido esencialmente de paises en via de desarrollo. Tras un analisis factorial Varimax por rotación de los datos recodados y redas'rficados se desprende : necesidad de reconodmiento sodal, necesidad de desarrollo personal, necesidad de dinero, necesidad de independencia y autonomía, altruismo comunitario, necesidad de evasion, y oportunismo. La distribución de estos factores y de las variables que los constituyen muestra que las motivadones empresariales traspasan las fronteras nadonales y transcienden los sistemas culturales de los paises. A la luz de estos resultados, parece bastante claro que la motivación para ser emprendedor un pais es sobre todo determinado por factores metaculturales que transdenden el medio sodo-economico proximo.
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Appendices
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