Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article tente d’étudier les caractéristiques des PME /PMI exportatrices à travers leur performance économique et financière, leur politique d’innovation et leur diversification. L’étude a été menée auprès d’un échantillon de 48 PME/ PMI sous-traitantes de l’industrie aéronautique en Midi-Pyrénées. Les résultats montrent que les entreprises qui exportent le plus disposent d’une taille plus importante et d’une diversification en termes de secteurs clients plus faible que les non-exportateurs ou les petits exportateurs.
Mots-clés :
- Exportation,
- PME/PMI,
- Sous-traitance,
- Aéronautique,
- Approche quantitative,
- Données secondaires
Abstract
This article studies the characteristics of small and medium sized export companies through their economic and financial performances, their innovation policies and their diversification. The study was carried out on 48 sample small and medium sized subcontractors in the aeronautics industry in Midi-Pyrénées. The results show that the companies which export most are larger in size but less diversified in terms of customer sectors than those companies who do not export at ail or who export little.
Resumen
Este artículo intenta estudiar las características de las PyMEs exportadoras a través un dinamismo ecónomíco y financiero y también a través la innovación y la diversificación. Este estudio se realizo a partir de una muestra de 48 PyMEs en el sector de la subcontratacion industrial aeronaútica en Midi- Pyrénées. Los resultados muestran que las empresas que exportan disponen de un tamaño más bajo que las que no exportan o las pequeñas empresas exportadoras.
Download the article in PDF to read it. Download
Appendices
Note biographique
Après des études en management à l'École supérieure de commerce de Toulouse et un DEA à l'IAE d'Aix-en-Provence, l'auteur enseigne la stratégie et le management technologique au sein du Groupe ESC Grenoble. Il poursuit parallèlement un Ph.D. en management de la technologie à l'École polytechnique de Montréal. Ce texte a été écrit alors que l'auteur était à l'IAE d'Aix-en-Provence. Adresse: Groupe ESC Grenoble, 12, rue Pierre-Sémard, BP 127, 38003 Grenoble Cedex 01. L'auteur tient à remercier Elisabeth Lefebvre, professeure à l'École polytechnique de Montréal pour ses apports précieux en statistiques ainsi que les lecteurs anonymes pour leurs judicieux conseils.
Bibliographie
- AABY, N.E. et S.F. SLATER (1989), « Management influences on export performance: a review of the empirical literature 1978-88 », International Marketing Review, vol. 6, n° 4, p. 7-26. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490633 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ACS, Z.J. et D.B. AUDRETSCH (1990), Innovation and Small Firms, Cambridge, MA, M.I.T. Press. 10.1287/mnsc.33.9.1102 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BAILS, D.G. et L.C. PEPPERS (1982), Business Fluctuation: Forecasting Techniques and Applications, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. 10.1002/smj.4250090302 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BARTLETT, C.A. et S. GHOSHAL (1987a), « Managing across borders: new strategic requirements», Sloan Management Review, été, p. 7-17. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490513 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BARTLETT, C.A. et S. GHOSHAL (1987b), « Managing across borders: new organizational responses », Sloan Management Review, automne, p. 43-53. 10.2307/256406 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BlRLEY, S. et P. WESTHEAD (1990), «Growth and performance contrasts between "types" of small firms», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 11, p. 535-557. 10.2307/2392692 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BONACCORSI, A. (1992), «On the relationship between firm size and export intensity», Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 23, n° 4, 4e trim., p. 605-636. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490625 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BOYER, M. (1993), «La performance des PMI dans l'attaque des marchés internationaux - Application au cas des punchs et liqueurs réunionnais », Actes du colloque PME/PMI, développement international, Aix-en-Provence, juin 1993, p. 121-150. 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1991.tb00761.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- BURTON, F.N. et B.B. SCHLEGELMILCH (1987), «Profile analyses of non-exporters versus exporters grouped by export involvement», Management International Review, vol. 27, n° 1, p. 38-49. 10.1016/0923-4748(92)90018-Z Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CALORI, R. et Y. HARVATOPOULOS (1988), « Diversification: les règles de conduites », Harvard-l'Expansion, printemps. 10.1002/smj.4250110505 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CAVUSGIL, S.T., W.J. BILKEY et G. TESAR (1979), « A note on the export behaviour of firms: export profiles », Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 10, n° 1, p. 91-97. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490633 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- COOL, K.O. et D.E. SCHENDEL (1987), « Strategic group formation and performance: the case of the US pharmaceutical industry: 1963-1982», Management Science, vol. 33, n° 9, p. 1102-1124. 10.1287/mnsc.33.9.1102 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- COOL, K.O. et D.E. SCHENDEL (1988), «Performance differences among strategic group members», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 9, n° 3, p. 207-223. 10.1002/smj.4250090302 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL DE LA RÉGION MIDI-PYRÉNÉES (1990), Rapport sur l'industrie aéronautique civile en Midi-Pyrénées, Conseil régional, Toulouse, juin. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1964.tb00122.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- CZINKOTA, M.R. et W.J. JOHNSTON (1983), «Exporting: does sales volume make a difference? », Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 14, n° 1, p. 147-153. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490513 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DAMANPOUR, F. (1991), «Organizational innovation: a meta-analysis of effects of déterminants and moderators », Academy of Management Journal, vol. 34, n° 3, p. 555-590. 10.2307/256406 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DETRIE, J.P., V. MERCIER et B. RAMANANTSOA (1982), «Cinq règles pour se diversifier», Harvard-l'Expansion, hiver 1981-1982, p. 37-55. 10.1108/EUM0000000001516 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- DICHTL, E., M. LEIBOLD, H.G. KÖGMMAYR et S. MÜLLER (1984), «The export-decision of small and medium sized firms: a review», Management International Review, vol. 24, n° 2, p. 49-60. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FORREST, J.E. (1990), «Strategic alliances and the small technology-based firm», Journal of Small Business Management, juillet, p. 37-45. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- FOURCADE, C. (1993), «Stratégies de réseau: un modèle stratégique de l'internationalisation des petites entreprises», Actes du colloque PME/PMI, développement international, Aix-en-Provence, juin 1993, p. 305-323. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GEMUNDEN, H.G. (1991), «Success factors of export marketing: a meta analytic critique of the empirical studies», dans S.J. Paliwoda, New Perspectives on International Marketing, London, Routledge. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- GOODING, R.Z. et J.A. WAGNER (1985), « A meta-analytic review of the relationship between size and performance: the productivity and efficiency of organizations and their subunits», Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 30, p. 462-481. 10.2307/2392692 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- JOHNSON, G. et H. THOMAS (1988), « Strategic groups and financial performance: a critical examination», Cahier de recherche, Manchester Business School. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490280 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KAMIEN, M.I. et N.L. SCHWARTZ (1982), Market Structure and Innovation, Cambridge, MA, Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KHANDWALLA, P.N. (1977), The Design of Organizations, New York, Harcourt Bruce Jovanovitch Inc. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KAYNAK, E., P.N. GHAURI et T. OLOFSSON-BREDENLÖW (1987), «Export behaviour of small Swedish firms », Journal of Small Business Management, vol. 25, n° 2, p. 26-32. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- KIRPALANI, V.H. et N.B. MACINTOSH (1980), «Internal marketing effectiveness of technology oriented small-firms», Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 11, hiver, p. 81-90. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490625 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LEFEBVRE, L.A., J. HARVEY et E. LEFEBVRE (1991), «Technological experience and the technology adoption decisions in small manufacturing firms», R-D Management, vol. 21, n° 3, p. 241-249. 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1991.tb00761.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LEFEBVRE, L.A., A. LANGLEY, J. HARVEY et E. LEFEBVRE (1992), «Exploring the strategy-technology connection in small manufacturing firms », Production and Operations Management, vol. 1, n° 3, p. 269-285. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LEFEBVRE, L.A. et E. LEFEBVRE (1992), «Firm innovativeness and CEO characteristics in small manufacturing firms », Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol. 9, p. 243-277. 10.1016/0923-4748(92)90018-Z Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- LEWIS, P. et H. THOMAS (1990), «The linkage between strategy, strategic group and performance in the U.K. retail grocery industry», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 11, p. 385-397. 10.1002/smj.4250110505 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Me GEE, J. et H. THOMAS (1989), «Technology and strategic management, progress and future directions», R-D Management, vol. 19, n° 3, p. 205-213. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- McGuiNESS, N. et N. LITTLE (1981), «The influence of product characteristics on the export performance of new industrial products », Journal of Marketing, vol. 45, printemps, p. 110-122. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MALEKZADEH, A.R. et A. NAHAVANDI (1985), «Small business exporting: misconceptions are abundant», American Journal of Small Business, vol. IX, n° 4, printemps, p. 7-14. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MlESENBOCK, K.J. (1988), «Small businesses and exporting: a literature review», International Small Business Journal, vol. 6, n° 2, janvier-mars, p. 42-61. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MORBEY, G.K. (1988), « R-D: Its relationship to company performance », Journal of Production Innovation Management, vol. 5, p. 191-200. 10.1016/0737-6782(88)90022-7 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- OBSERVATOIRE DE LA SOUS-TRAITANCE DE L'INDUSTRIE AÉRONAUTIQUE ET SPATIALE (OSTIAS) (1992), Synthèse de 30 audits stratégiques de sociétés sous-traitantes adhérentes du GIFAS, Paris, GIFAS, décembre. 10.1111/j.1937-5956.1992.tb00359.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- OGRAM, E.W. (1982), « Exporters and non-exporters: a profile of small manufacturing firms in Georgia», dans M.R. Czinkota et G. Tesar, Export Management: An International Context, New York, Praeger Publishers, p. 70-84. 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1989.tb00642.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- OLSON, H.C. et F. WIEDERSHEIM-PAUL (1978), «Factors affecting the pre-export behaviour of non-exporting firms », dans M. Ghertman et J. Leontiades (éd.), European Research in International Business, New York, p. 283-305. 10.1177/002224298104500211 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- ONG, C.H. et A.W. PEARSON (1982), «The impact of technical characteristics on export activity: a study of small and medium-sized UK electronics firms », R-D Management, vol. 12, n° 4, p. 189-196. 10.1111/j.1467-9310.1982.tb01316.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- REID, S.D. (1982), «The impact of size on export behavior in small firms», dans M.R. Czinkota et G. Tesar, Export Management: An International Context, New York, Praeger Publishers, p. 18-38. 10.1177/026624268800600204 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Roux, E. (1991), « Les facteurs explicatifs de la décision d'exporter en PMI: rôle de l'attitude du dirigeant envers le risque», Thèse de Doctorat es sciences de gestion, IAE d'Aix-Marseille III - ESSEC, janvier. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- RUMELT, R.P. (1982), «Diversification strategy and profitability», Strategic Management Journal, vol. 3, p. 359-369. 10.1002/smj.4250030407 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SAPORTA, B. (1993), «Les enjeux de l'ouverture internationale des PME», Actes du colloque PME/PMI, développement international, Aix-en-Provence, juin 1993, p. 811-826. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- SCHLEGELMILCH, B.B. et J.N. CROOK (1986), «Firm level determinants of export intensity », Cahier de recherche 86-9, Université d'Edinburgh. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- TOOKEY, D.A. (1964), «Factors associated with success in exporting», Journal of Management Studies, mars, p. 48-66. 10.1111/j.1467-6486.1964.tb00122.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WIEDERSHEIM-PAUL, F., H. OLSON et L. WELCH (1978), «Pre-export activity: the first step in internationalisation», Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 9, n° 1, p. 47-58. 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490650 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- WlSSLER, M. (1993), «Le portage à l'export et les stratégies relationnelles des PME», Actes du colloque PME/PMI, développement international, Aix-en-Provence, juin 1993, p. 851-867. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- YAPRAK, A. (1985), «Empirical study of the différences between small exporting and non exporting US firms», International Marketing Review, vol. 2, p. 72-83. 10.1108/eb008278 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar