Abstracts
Abstract
For most analysts, the Golden Decades (roughly 1950-1980) mark a period of far-reaching change – both structural and cultural – in Western societies. In an attempt to link the macro, societal transformation with individual behavior, the authors elaborate the “context-and-cohort-change” paradigm (as opposed to the “age-related-decline” paradigm), according to which they scrutinize the participation in sports and physical training at two stages (mid-life, third age) of adult life of the members of two cohorts (C1, born 1905-1914, N = 1012; C2, born 1920-1929, N = 661).
The results show (a) a robust intercohort increase in the rate of exercisers from C1 to C2; (b) no significant longitudinal decline in participation from mid-life to third age, either in C1 or in C2, but a high rate of turnover among exercisers, with “late exercisers” filling the gaps left by the “dropouts”; (c) changes in the sociodemographic composition of exercisers, reflecting a move away from the pattern in which sports and physical exercise were mostly a male, urban, and upper-class activity, to another, much more generalized and democratic pattern.
Résumé
Les spécialistes s’accordent à considérer les Trente Glorieuses (env. 1950-1980) comme une période de transformation structurelle et culturelle qui marque un tournant dans l’histoire des sociétés occidentales. Cherchant à relier les niveaux macro et micro de l’analyse sociologique, les auteurs élaborent le paradigme dit du « changement de contexte et de cohorte» (par distinction du paradigme du déclin avec l’âge ») en fonction duquel ils analysent l’évolution de la pratique d’activités physiques et sportives à deux points de la vie adulte (milieu et troisième âge) des membres de deux cohortes (C1, nés 1905 -1914, N = 1012; C2, nés 1920-1929, N = 662).
La comparaison des cohortes enregistre une forte augmentation des sportifs dans C2;
l’analyse longitudinale de chaque cohorte ne conclut pas au déclin, mais à la stabilité du taux de la pratique au « troisième âge », comparé au « mitan » de la vie, avec cependant un fort roulement parmi les participants, les sportifs tardifs compensant les abandons.
l’examen de la composition sociodémographique des sportifs montre le passage d’une pratique avant tout masculine, élitaire et urbaine et vers un modèle plus égalitaire et démocratique.
Resumen
Los especialistas están de acuerdo en considerar las Décadas de oro (1950-1980) como un período de transformación estructural y cultural que marca un giro en la historia de las sociedades occidentales. Buscando a unir los niveles macro y micro del análisis sociológico, los autores elaboran el paradigma llamado « cambio de contexto y de cohorte » (en distinción del paradigma de la « decadencia con la edad ») en función del cual ellos analizan la evolución de la práctica de actividades físicas y deportivas de dos puntos de la vida adulta (media y tercera edad) de los miembros de dos cohortes (C1, nacidos en 1905 -1914, N = 1012 ; C2, nacidos en 1920-1929, N = 662).
La comparación de los cohortes registra una fuerte aumentación de los deportivos en C2;
el análisis de cada cohorte no concluye a la decadencia, sino a la estabilidad de la tasa de la práctica en la “tercera edad”, comparado a “la mitad de la vida”, sin embargo con un fuerte relevo entre los participantes, los deportistas tardíos compensan los abandonos;
el examen de la composición sociodemográfica de los deportistas muestra el tránsito de una práctica antes que nada masculina, de élite y urbana y hacia un modelo más igualitario y democrático.
Appendices
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