Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article synthétise les différents outils disponibles pour mesurer la coopération en contexte scolaire, d’une part, et les avantages et limites qui s’y rattachent, d’autre part. L’examen de près de 230 documents a révélé trois principales catégories de mesures : les questionnaires, l’observation en classe et le jeu de l’investissement. En dépit de certains biais potentiels, la simplicité des questionnaires et leur durée d’administration brève en font une option intéressante pour mesurer les attitudes coopératives. Les pratiques d’observation offrent une validité écologique accrue, mais leur potentiel à produire une mesure généralisable de la tendance individuelle à coopérer reste à démontrer. Le jeu de l’investissement procure des indices directs de la coopération, tout en contournant certains biais relatifs à sa mesure. ainsi, malgré le coût élevé relatif à son administration, cette tâche constitue une piste intéressante pour les chercheurs en éducation désireux d’évaluer la coopération entre les élèves.
Mots-clés :
- coopération,
- mesure,
- relations sociales scolaires,
- questionnaires,
- grilles d’observation,
- jeu de l’investissement,
- recension théorique
Abstract
This article summarizes the different instruments available to assess cooperation in school settings, on the one hand, and the pros and cons related to them, on the other hand. Examination of almost 230 documents revealed that three principal categories of measures are available: questionnaires, classroom observations, and trust games. aside from some potential biases, the simplicity of questionnaires and their brief administration time render them a relevant option to measure cooperative attitudes. Classroom observation practices offer a high ecological validity but their potential to produce a generalizable measure of the individual tendency to cooperate still needs to be demonstrated. Trust games provide direct indices of cooperation while avoiding certain biases related to its measure. Therefore, despite the high cost related to its administration, this task constitutes an inte - resting avenue for educational researchers who wish to evaluate cooperation among students.
Keywords:
- cooperation,
- measure,
- social relationships in school,
- questionnaires,
- observation scales,
- trust games,
- theoretical review
Resumo
Este artigo sintetiza os diferentes instrumentos disponíveis para medir a cooperação em contexto escolar, por um lado, e as vantagens e os limites da sua utilização, por outro. O exame de quase 230 documentos revelou três categorias principais de medidas: os questionários, a observação em sala de aula e o jogo do investimento. apesar de certos desvios potenciais, a simplicidade e a breve duração de administração dos questionários fazem deles uma opção interessante para medir as atitudes cooperativas. as práticas de observação oferecem uma validade ecológica acrescida, mas o seu potencial para produzir uma medida generalizável da tendência individual para cooperar ainda está por demonstrar. O jogo do investimento procura índices diretos de cooperação, contornando certos desvios relativos à sua medição. assim, não obstante o elevado custo da sua administração, esta tarefa constitui uma pista interessante para os investigadores em educação desejosos de avaliar a cooperação entre os alunos.
Palavras chaves:
- cooperação,
- medida,
- relações sociais escolares,
- questionários,
- grelhas de observação,
- jogo do investimento,
- recensão teórica
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Appendices
Remerciements
La réalisation de cet article a été rendue possible grâce à une subvention de recherche duFonds québécois de recherche sur la société et la culture (FQrSC, 2011-2014, no 144802),octroyée à Isabelle Plante, qui tient à remercier Mathieu roy et étienne vachon-Presseaupour leurs commentaires pertinents et leur soutien.
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