Abstracts
Résumé
Certains étudiants peuvent répondre au hasard ou être inattentifs dans une situation de testing. Plusieurs approches ont déjà été développées pour détecter ce type de réponse. Parmi celles-ci, l’utilisation d’indices de détection (person-fit indexes) de patrons de réponses inappropriés est l’approche qui est la plus étudiée et qui semble la plus prometteuse. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur trois indices de détection populaires qui présentent des caractéristiques permettant d’en faciliter l’interprétation : lz, ZU et ZW. Des études antérieures ont montré que ces trois indices sont fortement affectés par le fait que l’habileté d’un étudiant est estimée plutôt que réelle. Snijders (2001) a proposé une version corrigée de l’indice lz (nommée lz*) afin de tenir compte de cette difficulté. Magis, Béland et Raîche (2014) ont déjà corrigé deux autres indices selon l’approche de Snijders : U* et W*. Il reste cependant à analyser plus en détail le comportement des indices corrigés lz*, U* et W* et des indices standardisés lz, ZU et ZW. Pour ce faire, nous effectuons deux études selon différentes valeurs de l’habileté, soit une analyse des erreurs de type I des indices (probabilité de se tromper en identifiant un patron de réponses inapproprié) et une analyse de leur puissance de détection. Ces analyses permettront de démontrer que ce sont généralement les indices corrigés lz* et W* qui sont les plus intéressants à utiliser puisque leurs scores suivent approximativement la loi normale et qu’ils permettent de bien détecter la réponse au hasard et l’inattention.
Mots-clés :
- théorie de la réponse à l’item,
- indice de détection de patrons de réponses inappropriés,
- réponse au hasard,
- inattention
Abstract
Some students may guess at random or be inattentive in a testing situation. Several approaches have been developed to detect these types of behavior. The use of person-fit index is the most studied approach and seems very promising. In this study, we focus on three popular indices which have many features to facilitate their interpretation: lz, ZU and ZW. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that these three indices are strongly affected by the fact that the ability of a student is estimated rather than known. Snijders (2001) proposed a corrected version of the lz index (named lz*) to take account of this problem. Magis, Béland, and Raîche (2014) have already used the Snijders correction to create two person-fit indexes: U* and W*. It is now time to extend our understanding of the corrected indexes lz*, U*, and W*, and standardized indices lz, ZU, and ZW. To do this, we conduct two studies using different values of the student’s ability: an analysis of type I errors (probability of being wrong in identifying inappropriate response patterns), and an analysis of the power of detection of theses indexes. Our results show that the corrected indices lz* and W* are most interesting because their scores are approximately normally distributed and allow to adequately detect guessing at random and inattention response patterns.
Keywords:
- item response theory,
- person-fit index of response patterns,
- guessing at random,
- inattention
Resumo
Alguns alunos podem responder de forma aleatória ou desatenta numa situação de teste. Várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para detetar este tipo de resposta. A utilização de índices de deteção (person-fit indexes) de padrões de respostas inapropriadas é a abordagem mais estudada e a que parece ser mais promissora. Neste estudo, concentramos-nos em três índices de deteção populares que apresentam características que permitem facilitar a interpretação: Iz, ZU e ZW. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que estes três índices são fortemente afetados pelo facto de que a habilidade de um aluno é mais estimada do que real. Snijders (2001) propôs uma versão corrigida do índice Iz (denominado Iz*) para ter em conta esta dificuldade. Magis, Béland e Raîche (2014) já corrigiram dois outros índices segundo a abordagem de Snijders: U* e W*. Resta, porém, analisar mais em detalhe o comportamento dos índices corrigidos Iz*, U* e W* e os índices padronizados lz, ZU e ZW. Para fazer isso, realizámos dois estudos usando diferentes valores de habilidade, seja uma análise dos erros do tipo I dos índices (probabilidade de estar errado na identificação de respostas inapropriadas) e uma análise do seu poder de deteção. Estas análises permitirão demonstrar que são geralmente os índices corrigidos lz* e W* que são os mais interessantes, uma vez que as suas pontuações seguem aproximadamente a lei normal e permitem detetar adequadamente a resposta ao acaso ou desatenta.
Palavras chaves:
- Teoria da resposta ao item,
- índice de deteção de padrões de respostas inadequadas,
- respostas ao acaso,
- desatenção
Appendices
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