Abstracts
Abstract
Printing emerged more slowly in the Nordic lands than in most parts of Europe. The first active printing press in modern Latvia appeared in 1588; Estonia, Finland and Norway would wait until the 1630s and 1640s respectively. It was also in the seventeenth century that a provincial print trade of any significance would develop in Denmark and Sweden, the two main political powers of the region. While our knowledge of the evolution of printing in the Scandinavian region has long been well established, the print culture of the Nordic lands is often still approached from national perspectives. In this article, we propose to consider the print output of the entire Nordic region – Denmark, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Iceland, Estonia and Latvia – as a single corpus. Using the resources of the Universal Short Title Catalogue project, we will consider what elements unite the history of printing in the region, as well as how distinct Nordic print culture is from that of the rest of Europe. We will consider especially the role of institutions (the church, crown, universities and colleges), foreign agents and linguistic traditions in shaping the print output of the Nordic region before 1700. What emerges from this study is a clear portrayal of the extent to which the Scandinavian book world takes inspiration and diverges from broader European norms. This article will make the case strongly for the importance of studying print culture in a comparative international perspective, and offers broader conclusions on the crucial interactions between print, power and peripheries in early modern Europe.
Keywords:
- Book Trade,
- Publishing,
- Periphery,
- Sixteenth Century,
- Seventeenth Century
Résumé
De manière générale, l’imprimé mit davantage de temps à s’imposer dans les contrées nordiques que dans le reste de l’Europe. C’est en 1588 qu’une première presse à imprimer fut utilisée en Lettonie. En Estonie, en Finlande et en Norvège, il fallut attendre les années 1630 et 1640. De même, ce n’est qu’au xviie siècle qu’un commerce de l’imprimé se développa à l’échelle provinciale au Danemark et en Suède, alors les deux principales puissances de la région sur le plan politique. Bien que l’on s’intéresse depuis longtemps à l’évolution de l’imprimerie en Scandinavie, la culture de l’imprimé dans les pays nordiques fait encore l’objet, la plupart du temps, d’approches plutôt nationales. Dans le présent article, nous nous proposons d’examiner la production d’imprimés de la région nordique (Danemark, péninsule scandinave, Islande, Estonie et Lettonie) en un seul et même corpus. À partir de ce que l’on trouve dans le Universal Short Title Catalogue, nous nous attarderons aux éléments constitutifs d’une histoire commune de l’imprimé, ainsi qu’à ce qui distingue la culture de l’imprimé de la région nordique de celle du reste de l’Europe. Nous verrons de quelle manière les institutions (Église, Couronne, collèges et universités), les agents étrangers et les traditions linguistiques contribuèrent à forger la production d’imprimés dans la région avant 1700. Il ressort de cette étude un portrait de monde du livre scandinave qui, à la fois, s’inspire des normes observées ailleurs en Europe et s’en distingue. L’article, enfin, cherche à montrer l’importance d’aborder la culture de l’imprimé dans une perspective internationale et comparée, tout en formulant diverses conclusions sur les interactions fondamentales qu’il existait entre imprimé, pouvoir et périphéries à l’émergence de l’Europe moderne.
Mots-clés :
- Commerce du livre,
- édition,
- périphérie,
- xvie siècle,
- xviie siècle
Appendices
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