Abstracts
Résumé
Notre contribution propose une définition opérationnelle du concept de crowdsourcing (CS) partant de la notion générale d’outsourcing. Une originalité de ce travail est de montrer que le phénomène de CS ne se limite pas uniquement à une modalité originale d’organisation de l’innovation. Nous proposons une typologie des pratiques de CS basée sur trois classes : tâche simple, tâche créative, et résolution de problèmes complexes. Ce travail de typologie offre également une clé pour comprendre les enjeux liés aux modèles d’affaires du CS, comme la motivation des participants, la confiance réciproque entre l’entreprise et la foule.
Mots-clés :
- crowdsourcing,
- innovation ouverte,
- externalisation,
- web 2.0,
- connaissance distribuée
Abstract
Our aim is to propose a typology of Crowdsourcing practice that can be used both for researchers and practitioners. We show that Crowdsourcing should not only be viewed as an original way to organize innovation; we propose a typology of CS practices based on the nature of the task which is crowdsourced. Three types of tasks are considered: simple task, creative task and problem solving. Our work offers a key to understand issues related to the business models of CS, such as the participants’ motivation or trust relationships between the company and the crowd.
Keywords:
- crowdsourcing,
- Open innovation,
- outsourcing,
- web 2.0,
- distributed knowledge
Resumen
Nuestra contribución propone una definición operacional del concepto de crowdsourcing (CS) a partir de la noción general de outsourcing. Una particularidad del presente trabajo es demostrar que el fenómeno de CS no se aplica únicamente a un modo original de organización de la innovación. Proponemos así una topología de practicas de CS basada en tres clases: tarea simple, tarea creativa, y resolución de problemas complejos. El presente trabajo de topología ofrece igualmente una clave para entender los problemas referentes a los modelos de negocio de CS, tales como la motivación de los participantes y la confianza reciproca entre la empresa y la multitud.
Palabras clave:
- crowdsourcing,
- innovación abierta,
- externalizacion,
- web 2.0,
- conocimiento distribuido
Appendices
Bibliographie
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