Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article explore le rôle d’un pôle de compétitivité, que l’on peut considérer comme un cluster formel, dans l’internationalisation des petites et moyennes entreprises (PME). Sur la base d’une étude de cas multiples, nous mettons en évidence la manière par laquelle les pôles de compétitivité facilitent le développement international des PME. De plus, nous identifions les avantages perçus de l’internationalisation à travers les pôles et les caractéristiques des PME les plus à même de tirer des bénéfices de ce mode d’internationalisation.
Mots-clés :
- PME,
- cluster,
- internationalisation
Abstract
This article explores the role of industrial clusters in France, which can be regarded as formal clusters, in the internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Based on a multiple case study, we shed light on the ways in which clusters facilitate the international development of SMEs. Furthermore, we identify the perceived advantages of internationalization through clusters and the characteristics of SMEs which tend to benefit the most from this internationalization mode.
Keywords:
- SMEs,
- cluster,
- internationalization
Resumen
Este artículo explora el rol de los clusters industriales en Francia, que pueden considerarse como clusters formales, en la internacionalización de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES). Basado en un estudio de casos múltiples, este artículo arroja luz sobre las formas en que los clusters facilitan el desarrollo internacional de las PYMES. Además, identificamos las ventajas percibidas de la internacionalización a través de los clusters y las características de las PYMES que son las que tienden a beneficiarse más de esta modalidad de internacionalización.
Palabras clave:
- PYMES,
- cluster,
- internationalización
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Andersen, Otto (1993). “On the internationalization process of firms : A critical analysis”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 24, N° 2, p. 209-231.
- Andersson, Svante (2000). “Internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective”, International Studies of Management and Organization, Vol. 30, N° 1, p. 63-92.
- Audretsch, David; Feldman, Maryann (1996). “R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production”, American Economic Review, Vol. 86, N° 3, p. 630-639.
- Avenier, Marie-José (2000). « Intermédiation et catalyse. Susciter des comportements inhabituels au sein d’une organisation » dans P. Lorino (sous la direction de), Enquêtes de gestion. A la recherche du signe dans l’entreprise, Paris, Dunod, p. 153-201.
- Bardet, Manuela; Bocquet, Rachel; Mendez, Ariel; Mothe, Caroline (2010). « Pôles de compétitivité et PME : quelles specificités ? », dans B. Aliouat (sous la direction de), Les pôles de compétitivité. Gouvernance et performance des réseaux d’innovation, Paris, Lavoisier, p. 139-157.
- Becchetti, Leonardo; Rossi, Stefania (2000). “The positive effect of industrial district on the export performance of Italian firms”, Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 16, N° 1, p. 53-68.
- Belso-Martinez, José Antonio (2006). “Do industrial districts influence export performance and export intensity ? Evidence for Spanish SMEs’ internationalization process”, European Planning Studies, Vol. 14, N° 6, p. 791-810.
- Birkinshaw, Julian; Hood, Neil (2000). “Characteristics of foreign subsidiaries in industry clusters”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 31, N° 1, p. 141-154.
- Breshnan, Timothy; Gambaredella, Alfonso; Saxenian, Annalee (2001). ““Old economy” inputs for “new economy” outcomes : cluster formation in the new Silicon Valleys”, Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 10, N° 4, p. 835-860.
- Buckley, Peter (1997). “International technology transfer by small and medium-sized enterprises”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 9, N° 1, p. 67-78.
- Chetty, Sylvie; Blankenburg Holm, Desiree (2000). “Internationalisation of small to medium-sized manufacturing firms : A network approach”, International Business Review, Vol. 9, N° 1, p. 77-93.
- Colovic, Ana (2010). Les réseaux de PME dans les districts industriels au Japon, Paris, Editions L’Harmattan.
- Colovic, Ana (2012). “Territorial systems and relocation : Insights from eight cases in Japan”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 24, N° 7-8, p. 589-617.
- Coviello, Nicole; Munro, Hugh (1995). “Growing the entrepreneurial firm : Networking for international market development”, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 29, N° 7, p. 49-61.
- Coviello, Nicole; Munro, Hugh (1997). “Network relationships and the internationalization process of small software firms”, International Business Review, Vol. 6, N° 4, p. 361-386.
- Deshais, Laurent; Joyal, André; Julien, Pierre-André (1992). « Le recours au milieu par les PME québécoises exportatrices », Revue Canadienne des Sciences Régionales, Vol. 15, N° 2, p. 239-254.
- Direction Générale des Entreprises (DGE) (2008). Pôles de compétitivité en France, Paris, DGE.
- Dunning, John (1998). “Location and the multinational enterprise : A neglected factor ?”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 29, N° 1, p. 45-66.
- Eisenhardt, Kathleen (1989). “Building theories from case study research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, p. 532-550.
- Evrard, Yves; Pras, Bernard, Roux, Elyette (2003). Market, Paris, Dunod.
- Fernhaber, Stephanie S.; Gilbert, Brett A.; McDougall, Patricia P. (2008). “International entrepreneurship and geographical location : an empirical examination of new venture internationalization”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 39, p. 267-290.
- Fletcher, Denise (2004). “International entrepreneurship and the small business”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 16, N° 4, p. 289-305.
- Fourcade, Colette; Torrès, Olivier (2003). « Le territoire comme atout des processus d’internationalisation » dans C. Fourcade, O. Torrès, (sous la direction de), Les PME entre région et mondialisation : Processus de glocalisation et dynamiques de proximité, Cahier ERFI, Vol. 10, N° 4, p. 5-20.
- Holsti, Ole R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities, Reading, Massachussets, Addison-Wesley.
- Human, Sherrie E.; Provan, Keith G. (1997). “An Emergent Theory of Structure and Outcomes in Small-Firm Strategic Manufacturing Networks”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40, p. 368-403.
- Illeris, Sven (1992). “The Heming-lkast Textile Industry : an Industrial District in West Jutland”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 4, N° 1, p. 73-84.
- Jack, Sarah; Anderson, Alistair R. (2002). “The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 17, p. 467-487.
- Jack, Sarah; DrakopoulouDodd, Sarah; Anderson, Alistair R. (2008). “Change and the development of entrepreneurial networks over time : a processual perspective”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 20, p. 125-159.
- Johanisson, Bengt (1994). “Building a “glocal” strategy - internationalizing small firms through local networking”, 39ème Conférence Mondiale de l’ICSB : « Les PME/PMI et leurcontribution au développement régional et international », 27-29 juin, Strasbourg.
- Johanson, Jan; Mattsson, Lars-Gunnar (1988). “Internationalisation in industrial systems : A network approach”, dans N. Hood; J.-E.Vahlne (sous la direction de), Strategies in global competition, London, Croom Helm, p. 468-486.
- Johanson, Jan; Vahlne, Jan-Erik (2009). “The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited : From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 40, p. 1411-1431.
- Kalantaridis, Christos (2004). “Internationalization, Strategic Behavior, and the Small Firm : A Comparative Investigation”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 42, N° 3, p. 245-262.
- Karagozoglu, Necmi; Lindell, Martin (1998). “Internationalization of small and medium-sized technology-based firms : An exploratory study”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 36, N° 1, p. 4-60.
- Keeble, David; Lawson, Clive; LawtonSmith, Helen; Moore, Barry; Wilkinson, Frank (1998). “Internationalisation processes, networking and local embeddedness in technology-intensive small firms”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 11, N° 4, p. 327-342.
- Lamb, Peter; Liesch, Peter (2002). “The internationalization process of the smaller firm : re-framing the relationships between market commitment, knowledge and involvement”, Management International Review, Vol. 42, N° 1, p. 107-126.
- Lee, Chang-Yang (2009). “Do firms in clusters invest in R&D more intensively ? Theory and evidence from multi-country data”. Research Policy, Vol. 38, p. 1159-1171.
- Leonidou, Leonidas C. (2004). “An Analysis of the Barriers Hindering Small Business Export Development”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 42, N° 3, p. 279-302.
- Libaers, Dirk; Meyer, Martin (2011). “Highly innovative small technology firms, industrial clusters and firm internationalization”, Research Policy, Vol. 40, p. 1426-1437.
- Lin, Ku Ho; Chaney, Isabella (2007). “The influence of domestic interfirm networks on the internationalization process of Taiwanese SMEs”, Asia Pacific Business Review, Vol. 13, N° 4, p. 565-583.
- Lu, Jane; Beamish, Paul (2001). “The internationalization and performance of SMEs”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, N° 6/7, p. 565-586.
- Lu, Jane; Beamish, Paul (2006). “Partnering strategies and performance of SMEs’ international joint ventures”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21, N° 4, p. 461-486.
- Mayrhofer, Ulrike; Urban, Sabine (2011). Management international : des pratiques en mutation, Paris, Pearson Education.
- McDougall, Patricia P.; Covin, Jeffrey G.; Robinson, Richard; Herronn, Lanny (1994). “The effects of industry growth and strategic breadth on new venture performance and strategy content”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 15, N° 7, p. 537-554.
- Meier, Olivier; Meschi, Pierre-Xavier (2010). « L’approche intégrée ou partielle de l’internationalisation des firmes : Les modèles Uppsala (1977 et 2009) face à l’approche « International New Ventures » et aux théories de la firme », Management International, Vol. 15, N° 1, p.11-18.
- Miles, Matthew B.; Huberman, Michael (1984). Qualitative data analysis : A source book of new methods, Beverly Hills, CA, Sage.
- Mittelstaedt, John; Ward, William; Nowlin, Edward (2006). “Location, industrial concentration and the propensity of small firms to export – entrepreneurship in the international marketplace”, International Marketing Review, Vol. 23, N° 5, p. 486-503.
- Oviatt, Benjamin; McDougall, Patricia (2005). “Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization”, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 29, N° 5, p. 537-553.
- Poole, Marshall; VandeVen, Andrew; Dooley, Kevin; Holmes, Michael (2000). Organisational Change and Innovation Processes : Theory and Methods for Research, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Porter, Michael (1990). The competitive advantage of nations, NewYork, Free Press.
- Porter, Michael (2000). “Location, competition, and economic development : local clusters in a global economy”, Economic Development Quarterly, Vol. 14, N° 1, p. 15-34.
- Porter, Michael; Ketels, Christian (2009). “Clusters and industrial districts : Common roots, different perspectives”, dans G. Becattini; M. Bellandi; L. DePropis (sous la direction de), A Handbook of Industrial Districts, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 172-183.
- Prashantham, Shameen; Young, Stephen (2011). “Post-entry speed of international new ventures”, Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Vol. 35, N° 2, p. 275-292.
- Saxenian, Annalee (1990). “Regional networks and the resurgence of Silicon Valley”, California Management Review, Vol. 33, N° 1, p. 89-111.
- Silverman, David (2000). Doing Qualitative Research, London, Sage.
- Shaver, J. Myles; Flyer, Fredrick (2000). “Agglomeration economies, firm heterogeneity, and foreign direct investment in the United States”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21, N°12, p. 1175-1193.
- Suire, Raphaël; Vicente, Jérôme (2008). « Théorie économique des clusters et management des réseaux d’entreprises innovantes », Revue française de gestion, N° 184, p. 119-136.
- Terjesen, Siri; O’Gorman, Colm; Acs, Zoltan (2008). “Intermediated mode of internationalization : new software ventures in Ireland and India”, Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 20, N° 1, p. 89-109.
- Torrès, Olivier (1999). Les PME, Paris, Flammarion.
- Torres, Olivier (2003). « Les PME face à la mondialisation : du management de proximité à la stratégie de glocalisation » dans C. Fourcade, O. Torres (sous la direction de), Les PME entre région et mondialisation : Processus de glocalisation et dynamiques de proximité, Cahier ERFI, Vol. 10, N° 4, p. 22-39.
- Verdier, Sylvie; Prange, Catherine; Atamer, Turgul; Monin, Philippe (2010). “Internationalization performance revisited : the impact of age and speed on sales growth”, Management International, Vol. 15, N° 1, p. 19-31.
- Vernon, Raymond (1966). “International investment and international trade in the product cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 80, N° 2, p.190-207.
- Welch, Catherine; Pieccari, Rebecca; Plakoyiannaki, Emmanuella; Paavilainen-Mäntymäki, Eriikka (2010). “Theorising from case studies : towards a pluralist future for international business research”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 40, p. 740-762.
- Westhead, Paul; Wright, Mike; Ucbasaran, Deniz (2001). “The internationalization of new and small firms : A resource-based view”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.16, N° 4, p. 333-358.
- Yin, Robert K. (1994). Case Study Research : Design and Methods (2ème edition), Beverly Hills, CA, Sage.
- Zain, Mohamed; Ng, Siew Imm (2006). “The impact of network relationships on SME internationalization process”, Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 48, N° 2, p. 183-205.
- Zhou, Lianxi; Wu, Wei-ping; Luo, Xueming (2007). “Internationalization and performance of born-global SMEs : the mediating role of social networks”, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 38, p. 673-690.
- Zimmerman, Monica; Zeitz, Gerald (2002). “Beyond survival : achieving new venture growth by building legitimacy”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27, N° 3, p. 414-431.
- Zyglidopoulos, Stelios; DeMartino, Richard; McHardyReid, David (2006). “Cluster reputation as a facilitator in the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises”, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 9, N° 1, p. 79-87.
10.7202/045621ar