Abstracts
Résumé
Le comportement socialement responsable (SR) d’une entreprise est conditionné par le contexte institutionnel du pays, qui résulte de la culture nationale et se reflète partiellement dans le système légal. Notre étude est menée sur 23 pays et confronte notes sociales de l’agence Vigeo Eiris avec mesures du comportement culturel de Hofstede. Les entreprises des pays individualistes et féminins sont plus soucieuses de leurs parties prenantes directes non financières; celles des pays à grande distance hiérarchique et fort contrôle de l’incertitude se préoccupent davantage de leur engagement sociétal; les pays tolérants face à l’incertitude exigent une bonne gouvernance financière.
Mots-clés :
- responsabilité sociale des entreprises,
- culture nationale,
- notes sociales,
- dimensions culturelles,
- parties prenantes
Abstract
The country institutional context, depending on national culture and partially reflected in the legal system, determines firm’s socially responsible behavior towards each stakeholders group. Our study is carried on the firms belonging to 23 countries and confronts the Vigeo-Eiris social ratings with the cultural behavior measures of Hofstede. Firms in individualistic and feminine countries show a higher sensitivity towards their direct non-financial stakeholders. Firms belonging to countries with a large power distance and a strong uncertainty avoidance take more care about their community involvement. Finally, countries which are more tolerant towards uncertainty require, above all, a good financial governance.
Keywords:
- firm social responsibility,
- national culture,
- social ratings,
- cultural dimensions,
- stakeholders
Resumen
El comportamiento socialmente responsable (SR) de una empresa hacia sus partes interesadas está condicionado por el contexto institucional del país. Este comportamiento es el resultado de la cultura nacional y se refleja parcialmente en su sistema legal. Nuestro estudio se centra en empresas de 23 países y confronta los ratios obtenidos por la agencia Vigeo Eiris con las medidas del comportamiento cultural de Hofstede. Las empresas de los países individualistas feministas expresan una sensibilidad más importante hacia sus partes interesadas directas no financieras; las empresas de los países con grandes diferencias jerárquicas e importante control de la incertidumbre se preocupan más por su compromiso social. Por último, los países más tolerantes con la incertidumbre exigen sobre todo una buena gestión pública financiera.
Palabras clave:
- responsabilidad social de las empresas,
- cultura nacional,
- notas sociales,
- dimensiones culturales,
- partes interesadas
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Alger, I.; Weibull, J. W. (2010). « Kinship, incentives, and evolution », The American Economic Review, Vol. 100, N° 4, p. 1725-1758.
- Allouche, J.; Laroche, P. (2005). « A meta-analytical investigation of the relationship between corporate social and financial performance », Revue de gestion des ressources humaines, Vol. 57, 18 p.
- Amable, B. (2005). Les cinq capitalismes, Paris, Seuil, 374 p.
- Ball, A.; Craig, R. (2010). « Using neo-institutionalism to advance social and environmental accounting », Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 21, N° 4, p. 283-293.
- BarrenaMartínez, J.; LópezFernández, M.; RomeroFernández, P. (2016). « Corporate social responsibility : evolution through institutional and stakeholder perspectives », European journal of management and business economics, Vol. 25, p. 8-14.
- Benabou, R.; Tirole, J. (2010). « Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility », Economica, Vol. 77, N° 305, p. 1-19.
- Bertrand, L. (2014). Responsabilité Sociale de l’Entreprise et Développement Durable : les représentations sociales des salariés d’une multinationale, Thèse de doctorat de l’Université de Toulouse, 597 p.
- Beugelsdijk, S.; Maseland, R.; Hoorn, A. (2015). « Are scores on Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture stable over time ? A cohort analysis », Global Strategy Journal, Vol. 5, N° 3, p. 223-240.
- Bouslah, K.; Kryzanowski, L.; M’Zali, B. (2013). « The impact of the dimensions of social performance on firm risk », Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 37, p. 1258-1273.
- Brammer, S.; Jackson, G.; Matten, D. (2012). « Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory : New perspectives on private governance », Socio-Economic Review, Vol. 10, N° 1, p. 3-28.
- Clarkson, M. (1995). « A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, p. 92-117.
- Donaldson, T.; Preston, L. E. (1995). « The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation : Concepts, Evidence, and Implications », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 20, N° 1, p. 65-91.
- DiMaggio, P. J.; Powell, W. W. (1983). « The iron cage revisited : institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields », American Sociological Review, Vol. 48, N°2, p. 147-160.
- DiMaggio, P. J.; Powell, W. W. (1991). « Introduction » dans Powell, W. W., DiMaggio, P. J (Eds.), The new institutionalism in organizational analysis, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, p. 1-38.
- ElGhoul, S.; Guedhami, O.; Kwok, C.; Shao, L. (2016). « National Culture and Profit Reinvestment : Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises », Financial Management, Spring, p. 37-65.
- Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management : A Stakeholder Approach, New York, Cambridge University Press, 276 p.
- Freeman, R. E.; Reed, D. L. (1983). « Stockholders and stakeholders : A new perspective on corporate governance », California Management Review, Vol. 25, N° 3, p. 93-94.
- Gioia, D. A. (1999). « Practicability, Paradigms, and Problems in Stakeholder Theorizing », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 24, N° 2, p. 228-232.
- Girerd-Potin, I.; Jimenez-Garcès, S.; Louvet, P. (2014). « Which dimensions of social responsibility concern financial investors ? », Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 121, N° 4, p. 559-576.
- Glover, J. L.; Champion, D.; Daniels, K. J.; Dainty, A. J. D. (2014). « An Institutional Theory perspective on sustainable practices across the dairy supply chain », International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 152, p. 102-111.
- Goodpaster, K.E. (1991). « Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis », Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 1, N° 1, p. 53-73.
- Gorodnichenko, Y.; Roland, G. (2016). « Culture, Institutions and the Wealth of Nations », à paraître dans Review of Economics and Statistics, doi : 10.1162/REST_a_00599, 65 p.
- Guiso, L.; Sapienza, P.; Zingales, L. (2006). « Does culture affect economic outcomes ? », Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 20, N° 2, p. 23-48.
- Ho, F. N.; Wang, H. M. D.; Vitell, S. J. (2012). « A global analysis of corporate social performance : The effects of cultural and geographic environments », Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 107, N° 4, p. 423-433.
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences : International Differences in Work-Related Values, SAGE Publications : Beverly Hills, CA, 328 p.
- Hofstede, G.; Hofstede, G. J.; Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures et organisations, 3e édition, Edition Pearson, 634 p.
- Igalens, J.; Déjean, F.; El Akremi, A. (2008). « L’influence des systèmes économiques sur la notation sociétale », Revue française de gestion, Vol. 3, p. 135-155.
- Ioannou, I.; Serafeim, G. (2012). « What drives corporate social performance ? The role of nation-level institutions », Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 43, N° 9, p. 834-864.
- Jackson, G.; Apostolakou, A. (2010). « Corporate social responsibility in Western Europe : an institutional mirror or substitute ? », Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 94, N° 3, p. 371-394.
- Jo, H.; Na, H. (2012). « Does CSR reduce firm risk ? Evidence from controversial industry sectors », Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 110, N° 4, p. 441-457.
- Kim, Y.; Gray, S. J. (2009). « An assessment of alternative empirical measures of cultural distance : Evidence from the Republic of Korea », Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 26, p. 55-74.
- Klerman, D. M.; Mahoney, P. G.; Spamann, H.; Weinstein, M. I. (2011). « Legal Origin or Colonial History ? », Journal of Legal Analysis, Vol. 3, N° 2, p. 379-409.
- LaPorta, R.; Lopez-de-Silanes, F.; Shleifer, A. (2008). « The Economic Consequences of Legal Origins », Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 46, N° 2, p. 285-332.
- LaPorta, R.; Lopez-de-Silanes, F.; Shleifer, A.; Vishny, R. W. (1998). « Law and finance », Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 106, N° 6, p. 1134-1155.
- LeTian, C.; Venard, B. (2012). « Pour une approche contingente de la gouvernance », Management international/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, Vol. 16, N° 2, p. 25-38.
- Liang, H.; Renneboog, L. (2016). « On the Foundations of Corporate Social Responsibility », European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) - Finance Working Paper No. 394/2013, Available at SSRN : http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2360633, 59 p.
- Mar Miras-Rodríguez, M.; Carrasco-Gallego, A.; Escobar-Pérez, B. (2015). « Are Socially Responsible Behaviors Paid Off Equally ? A Cross-cultural Analysis », Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 22, N° 4, p. 237-256.
- Margolis, J. D.; Elfenbein, H. A.; Walsh, J. P. (2009). « Does it pay to be good... and does it matter ? A meta-analysis of the relationship between corporate social and financial performance », Available at SSRN : http://ssrn.com/abstract=1866371 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1866371, 68 p.
- Mishra, S.; Modi, S. B. (2013). « Positive and negative corporate social responsibility, financial leverage, and idiosyncratic risk », Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 117, p. 431-448.
- Mitchell, R.; Agle, B.; Wood, D. (1997). « Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience : defining the principle of who and what really counts », Academy of Management Review, Vol. 22, p. 853-886.
- Newman, K. L.; Nollen, S. D. (1996). « Culture and congruence : The fit between management practices and national culture ». Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.27, N°4, p. 753-779.
- North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance, Cambridge university press, 159 p.
- Oikonomou, I.; Brooks, C.; Pavelin, S. (2012). « The impact of corporate social performance on financial risk and utility : A longitudinal analysis », Financial Management, Vol. 41, N° 2, p. 483-515.
- Orlitzky, M.; Schmidt, F. L.; Rynes, S. L. (2003). « Corporate social and financial performance : A meta-analysis », Organization studies, Vol. 24, N° 3, p. 403-441.
- Peng, Y. S.; Dashdeleg, A. U.; Chih, H. L. (2014). « National Culture and Firm’s CSR Engagement : A Cross-Nation Study », Journal of Marketing and Management, Vol. 5, N° 1, p. 38-49.
- Phillips, R.A. (2003). « Stakeholder Legitimacy », Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 13, N° 1, p. 25-41.
- Phillips, R.; Freeman, R. E.; Wicks, A. C. (2003). « What stakeholder theory is not », Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 13, N° 4, p. 479-502.
- Rajan, R.; Zingales, L. (1995). « What do we know about capital structure ? Some evidence from international data », Journal of Finance, Vol. 50, N° 5, p. 1421-60.
- Revelli, C.; Viviani, J. L. (2013). « The link between SRI and financial performance : effects and moderators », Management international/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, Vol. 17, N° 2, p. 105-122.
- Ringov, D.; Zollo, M. (2007). « The impact of national culture on corporate social performance », Corporate Governance, Vol. 7, N° 4, p. 476-485.
- Salama, A.; Anderson, K.; Toms, S. (2011). « Does community and environmental responsibility affect firm risk ? Evidence from UK panel data 1994-2006 », Business Ethics : A European Review, Vol. 20, N° 2, p. 192-204.
- Scott, W. R. (2008, a). « Approaching adulthood : the maturing of institutional theory », Theory and Society, Vol. 37, N° 5, p. 427-442.
- Scott, W.R. (2008, b). Institutions and Organizations : Ideas and Interests, 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA, 266 p.
- Shleifer, A.; Vishny, R. W. (1997). « A survey of corporate governance », Journal of Finance, Vol. 52, N° 2, p. 737-783.
- Schwartz, S. H. (1994). « Beyond individualism/collectivism : New cultural dimensions of values » dans U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitçibasi, S. C. Choi, G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and Collectivism : Theory, Method and Applications, Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage, p. 85-119.
- Waldman, D. A.; Sully de Luque, M.; Washburn, N.; House, R. J. (2006). « Cultural and leadership predictors of corporate social responsibility values of top management : A GLOBE study of 15 countries », Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 37, p. 823-837.
- Williamson, O. E. (1979). « Transaction Cost Economics : The Governance of Contractual Relations », Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 22, N° 2, p. 233-261.
- Williamson, O. E. (2000). « The new institutional economics : taking stock, looking ahead », Journal of economic literature, Vol. 38, N° 3, p. 595-613.
10.7202/1015403ar