Abstracts
Résumé
A l’heure des nouvelles technologies, les décisions sont devenues collaboratives à distance. Eléments clés de la décision, les stratégies de réduction de biais cognitifs aident à la gestion des phénomènes qui perturbent la prise de décision optimale. Or, ces stratégies sont peu étudiées dans la prise de décision collaborative à distance. Ainsi, une clarification des écrits sur le sujet révèle une dimension universelle et spécifique à ce type de décisions : l’émotion. Elle permet la construction d’une stratégie de réduction des biais avec ses outils managériaux pour un consensus de groupe à distance allégé en biais au travers d’une auto-régulation émotionnelle.
Mots-clés :
- Décision collaborative à distance,
- réduction des biais,
- travail émotionnel de groupe,
- consensus
Abstract
In the age of new technologies, decisions have become not only collective, but also collaborative and computer-mediated. Key to decision-making, debiasing strategies help in the management of the phenomena which disrupt optimal decision-making. So, clarification of the literature on this subject reveals a universal and specific dimension in computer-mediated collaborative decisions: emotion. Emotion allows for the construction of a strategy of reduction of the biases of this type of decision with its managerial tools, to reach of mediated bias-free group consensus through emotional auto-regulation.
Keywords:
- computer-mediated collaborative decision,
- debiasing,
- emotional group labor,
- consensus
Resumen
A la hora de las nuevas tecnologías, las decisiones no solamente solo colectivas, sino colaborativas a distancia. Elementos clave de la decisión, las estrategias de reducción de sesgos cognitivos ayudan a la gestión de los fenómenos que perturban una toma de decisiones óptima. Estas estrategias son poco estudiadas en la toma de decisiones colaborativas a distancia. Así, una aclaración de lo escrito sobre el tema revela una dimensión universal y específica de este tipo de decisiones: la emoción. Ésta permite la construcción de una estrategia de reducción de los sesgos de este tipo de decisión con sus instrumentos de gestión para un consenso de grupo a distancia disminuido sesgadamente a través de una autorregulación emocional.
Palabras clave:
- decisión colaborativa a distancia,
- limitación de los sesgos,
- trabajo emocional de grupo,
- consenso
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Abraham Rebecca (1998). « Emotional Dissonance in Organizations : a conceptualization of consequences, mediators and moderators », Leadership et Organization Development Journal, vol. 19, n° 3, p. 137-146.
- Allison Graham (1971). Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban missile crisis, http://davidmorey.org/rm020pptessense.pdf
- Anderson, Terry (2004). « Teaching in an online learning context », dans Theory and practice of online learning, édité par Terry Anderson, AU Press, Athabasca University, 1ère edition, p. 273-294.
- Arkes Hal R.; Catherine Blumer (1985). « The Psychology of Sunk Cost », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 35, p. 124-140.
- Arrow Kenneth J. (1951). Choix collectifs et préférences individuelles, [1998], Paris, Diderot Eds, 234 p.
- Babcock, Linda; Loewenstein, George; Issacharof, Samuel (1997). « Creating Convergence : Debiasing Biased Litigants », Law and Social Inquiry, vol. 22, p. 913-925.
- Balaji Sathyaprakash M.; Chakrabarti, Diganta (2010). « Student Interactions in Online Discussion Forum : Empirical Research from « Media Richness Theory » Perspective », Journal of Interactive Online Learning, vol. 9, n° 1, p. 1-22.
- Baltes Boris B., Dickson, Marcus W.; Sherman, Michael P.; Bauer Cara C.; LaGanke, Jacqueline S. (2002). « Computer-Mediated Communication and Group Decision Making : A Meta-Analysis », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 87, n° 1, p. 156-179.
- Boot, Arnoud W.A.; Anjan V., Thakor; Tood T., Milbourn (2005). « Sunflower Management and Capital Budgeting », The Journal of Business, vol. 78, n° 2, p. 501-527.
- Boudon Raymond (2002). « La théorie du choix rationnel contre les sciences sociales ? » Sociologie et sociétés, vol. 34, n° 1, p. 9-34.
- Bornstein Gary, Kugler, Tamar; Ziegelmeyer, Anthony (2004). « Individual and group decisions in the centipede game : Are groups more ‘‘rational’’ players ? », Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 40, p. 599-605.
- Brunsson, Nils (1982). « The irrationality of action and action rationality : decisions, ideologies and organizational actions », Journal of Management Studies, vol. 19, n° 1, p. 29-44.
- Connolly, Terry; Jessup Leonard M.; Valacich, Joseph S. (1990). « Effects of anonymity and evaluative tone on idea generation in computer-mediated groups », Management Science, vol. 366, p. 689-703.
- Comtet, Isabelle (2006). « L’usage du groupware ou la construction d’un dispositif sociotechnique ». Revue française de gestion, vol. 168-169, n° 9, p. 287-301.
- Daft, Richard L.; Lengel Robert H. (1986). « Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design », Management science, vol. 32, n° 5, p. 554-571.
- Damasio Antonio, R. (2003). Spinoza avait raison : Joie et tristesse, le cerveau des émotions, Paris, Odile Jacob, 346 p.
- Damasio, Antonio R. (2000). « A second chance for emotion », In Richard D. R. Lane, L. Nadel, G. L., Ahern, J. Allen et alfred W. Kaszniak (eds.), Cognitive Neuroscience of Emotion. Oxford University Press, p. 12-23.
- Damasio, Antonio, R. (1995). L’Erreur de Descartes : la raison des émotions, Paris, Odile Jacob, 368 p.
- Darling-Hammond, Linda, Richardson Nikole (2009). « Research review/teacher learning : What matters. », Educational leadership, vol. 66. n° 5, p. 46-53.
- Deci, Edward L.; Ryan, Richard M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. New York : Plenum.
- DeMartino, Benedetto; Kumaran, Dharshan; Seymour, Ben; Dolan, Raymond J. (2006). « Frames, Biases, and Rational Decision-Making » in the Human Brain, Science, vol. 313, n° 5787, p. 684-687.
- Derks Daantje; Fischer Agneta H.; Bos Arjan E.R. (2007). « The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication : A review », Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 23, p. 842-849.
- DeSanctis, Gerardine; Gallupe, R. Brent (1987). « A Foundation for the Study of Group Decision Support Systems », Management Science, vol. 33, n° 5, p. 589-609
- Dubrovsky Vitaly J. (1985). « Real-time computer conferencing versus electronic mail », dans Proceedings of the human factors society, vol. 29, p. 380-384, Santa Monica, CA : Human Factors Society.
- Dubrovsky Vitaly J.; Kiesler Sara; Beheru; N. Sethna (2009). « The equalization Phenomenon : Status Effects in Computer-Mediated and face to Face Decision-Making Groups » Human-Computer Interaction, vol. 6, n° 2, p. 119-146
- Ekman Paul; Oster, Harriet (1979). « Facial Expressions of Emotion », Annual Review of psychology, vol. 30, p. 527-554.
- El-Shinnawy, Maha; Vinze, Ajay. S. (1997). « Technology, culture and persuasiveness : A study of choice-shifts in group settings », International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 47, p. 473-496
- Festinger, Leon (1957). A Theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press. 291 p.
- Fischoff, Baruch (1975). « Hindsight is not equal to foresight : The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, vol. 1, n° 3, p. 288-299.
- Garrison, D. Randy; Cleveland-Innes Martha (2005). « Facilitating Cognitive Presence in Online Learning : Interaction Is Not Enough », The American Journal of Distance Education, vol. 19, n° 3, p. 133-148
- Gautier, Anaïs (2015). « L’erreur dans la prise de décision en situation, Le cas d’une collision aviaire en phase d’écopage », Revue Française de Gestion, vol. 41, n° 246, p. 41-62.
- Gigerenzer, Gerd; David J. Murray (1987). Cognition as intuitive statistics. Hillsdale,NJ, 214 p.
- Grandey, Alicia A. (2000). « Emotion regulation in workplace : A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. » Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, vol. 5, n° 1, p. 95-100.
- Grandey, Alicia A. (2003). « When “the show must go on” : Surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. » Academy of Management Journal, vol. 46, p. 86-96.
- Gray, Jeremy R. (1999) « A bias toward short-term thinking in threat-related negative emotional state », Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 25, p. 65-75.
- Grimm, Volker; Steven F. Railsback, (2005). Individual-based Modeling and Ecology. Princeton University Press. 485 p.
- Hatfield, Elaine; Cacioppo, John T.; Rapson, Ralph L. (1994). Emotional Contagion, Paris : Cambridge University Press, 240 p.
- Helmersen Peter; Jalalian Alin., Moran G., Norman F., (2001). Impacts of Information Overload, Eurescom. https://www.eurescom.eu/home.html
- Helmreich, Robert L.; Merritt, Ashleigh C. (1998). Culture at work: National, organizational, and professional influences. Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
- Herring, Susan C. (1996). Computer-mediated Communication : Linguistic, Social, and Cross-cultural perspectives, publié par Susan C. Herring, Editor John Benjamins publishing company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, 327 p.
- Hochschild, Arlie R. (1979). « Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure », American Journal of Sociology, vol. 85, p. 551-575.
- Hogarth, Robin M.;. Einhorn Hillel J. (1992). « Order effects in belief updating : The belief-adjustment model », Cognitive Psychology, vol 24, n° 1, p. 1-55.
- Isen Alice M. (1984). « The influence of positive affect on decision making and cognitive organization » Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 11, p. 534-537.
- Janis, Irving L. (1982). Victims of groupthink, Boston : Houghton Mifflin
- Jessup, Leonard M., Connolly, Terry; Galegher, Jolene (1990). « The effects of anonymity on GDSS group process in automated group problem-solving », MIS Quarterly, vol. 143, p. 312-321.
- Kahneman, Daniel (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York : Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 499 p.
- Kahneman, Daniel (2003). « A perspective on judgment and choice : Mapping bounded rationality » American Psychologist, 58, vol. 9, p. 697-720.
- Kahneman, Daniel; Tversky, Amos (1984). « Choices, values, and frames ». American Psychologist, vol. 39, n° 4, p. 341-350.
- Keen, Peter G. W.; ScottMorton, Michael S. (1978). Decision Support Systems : An Organizational Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
- Kennedy, Jane (1993). « Debiasing Audit Judgment with Accountability : A Framework and Experimental Results », Journal of Accounting Research, vol. 31, n° 2, p. 231-245.
- Kisfalvi, Veronika (2006). « Subjectivity and Emotions as Sources of Insight in an Ethnographic Case Study : A Tale of the Field », M@n@gement, vol. 9, n° 3, p. 117-135.
- Klein, Gary. (1998), Sources of Power How People Make Decisions, MIT Press, 352 p.
- Kocher, Martin G.; Sutter, Matthias (2007). « Individual versus group behavior and the role of the decision making procedure in gift-exchange experiments », Empirica, vol. 34, n° 1, p. 63-88.
- Kocher Martin, Strauß, Sabine; Sutter, Matthias (2004). « Individual or team decision-making - Causes and consequences of self-selection », Economics Letters, vol. 81, n° 3, p. 341-347.
- Kugler, Tamar, Kausel, Edgar E.; Kocher, Martin. G. (2012). « Are groups more rational than individuals ? A review of interactive decision making in groups ». Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Cognitive Science, vol. 3, n° 4, p. 471-482.
- Lea, Martin; Spears, Russel (1991). « Computer-mediated communication, de-individuation and group decision-making », International Journal of Man–Machine Studies, (Special issue on « Computer supported cooperative work and groupware »), vol. 39, p. 283-301.
- Lea, Martin; Spears, Russel (1992). « Paralanguage and social perception in computer-mediated communication », Journal of organizational computing, vol. 2, p. 321-341.
- Laborie, Fabrice (2006). « Le concept de salle de décision collective et son application aux processus complexes EADS », Thèse de doctorat, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse (France)
- Larrick, Richard (2004). « Debiasing », In the Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, Derek J. Koehler (Editor), Nigel, Harvey (Editor), 684 p.
- Lebraty Jean-Fabrice; Pastorelli-Nègre Ivan (2004). « Biais cognitifs : quel statut dans la prise de décision assistée ? », Systèmes d’Information et Management, vol. 9, n° 3, p. 87-115.
- LeDoux Joseph E. (2000). « Emotion Circuits in the Brain », Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol. 23, p. 155-184.
- LeDoux Joseph E. (1993). « Emotional memory systems in the brain », Behavioral Brain Research vol. 58, p. 69-79.
- Lefley, Frank (2006). « Can a project champion bias project selection and, if so, how can we avoid it ? » Management Research News, vol. 29, n° 4, p. 174-183.
- Lerner, Jennifer S., Li, Ye; Valdesolo, Piercarlo; Kassam Karim S. (2015). « Emotion and Decision Making », Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 66, n° 33, p. 799-823
- Lewin Kurt (1952). « Group decision and social change », dans G. Swanson, T. Newcomb & E. Hartley (eds)., Readings in social psychology. New York : Henry Holt, p. 459-473.
- Mansor Zuraina D., Mazlina Mustaffa, Lailawati M. Salleh (2015). « Motivation and Willingness to Participate in Knowledge Sharing Activities Among Academics in a Public University », Procedia Economics and Finance, vol. 31, p. 286-293.
- MCGrath Joseph E. (1984). Groups : interaction and performance, University of Illinois, Urbana
- Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 165 p.
- Marakas, George M. (1999). Decision Support Systems in the Twenty-First Century, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, (N.J., USA), 528 p.
- Masclet, David; Colombier, Nathalie; Denant-Boemont, Laurent; Lohéac, Youenn (2009). « Group and individual risk preferences : A lottery-choice experiment with self-employed and salaried workers. » Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 70, n° 3, p. 470-484.
- Mintzberg, Henry; Waters, Jim (1990). « Studying Deciding : An Exchange of Views Between Mintzberg and Waters, Pettigrew, and Butler », Organizational Studies, vol. 11, n° 1, p. 1-6.
- Morel, C. (2002). Les décisions absurdes. Sociologie des erreurs radicales et persistantes. Paris : Gallimard.
- Milch Kerry F., WeberElke U.; Appelt Kirstin C.; Handgraaf Michel J.J.; Krantz David H. (2009) « From individual preference construction to group decisions : Framing effects and group processes », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 108, p. 242-255.
- Mione Anne; Leroy Maya (2013). « Décisions stratégiques dans la rivalité entre standards de qualité : le cas de la certification forestière » Management international / International Management / Gestión Internacional, vol. 17, n° 2, p. 84-104
- Neale, Margaret A., Bazerman Max H.; Northcraft Gregory B.; Alperson Carol (1986). « “Choice shift” effects in group decision : A decision bias perspective » International Journal of Small Group Research, vol. 23, p. 33-42.
- Nisbett, Richard; DeCampWilson Timothy (1977). « The halo effect : evidence for unconscious alteration of judgements », Journal of personality and social psychology, vol. 35, n°4, p. 250-256.
- Novak Stéphanie; Ulfarino Philippe. (2017). « Nouvelles approches de la décision collective : une introduction », Négociations, vol. 1, n° 27, p. 67-71.
- O’Grady Laura; Jadad Alejandro R (2008). « Shifting from shared to collaborative decision making : a change in thinking and doing ». Journal of Participatory Medicine, vol.2, n°13, p.1-6.
- O’Reilly, Charles. A.; Roberts, Karlene. H. (1977). « Task group structure, communication, and effectiveness in three organizations ». Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 62, n° 6, p. 674-681.
- Paese, Paul W.; Bieser, Mary; Tubbs, Mark E (1993). « Framing effects and choice shifts in group decision making », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 56, p. 149-165.
- Pastorelli, Ivan (2000). « L’impact d’un outil de contrôle sur l’organisation : le cas de l’atelier industriel de l’aéronautique », Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis - Rodige.
- Pontikes, Patricia; Barnett William (2017). « The Non-consensus Entrepreneur : Organizational Responses to Vital Events », Administrative Science Quarterly, vol. 62, n° 1, p. 140-178.
- Rai, Arun; Stubbart, Charles; Paper, David. (1994). « Can Executive Information Systems Reinforce Biases ? », Banking Technology, vol. 4, n° 2, pp. 87-106.
- Raghunathan, Rajagopal; Pham Michel T. (1999). « All negative moods are not equal : Motivational influences of anxiety and sadness on decision making », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 79, p. 56-77.
- Reason, James (2013) L’erreur humaine, Paris, Presses des Mines, collection Economie-Gestion, (traduit par J.M. Hoc, de Human error, 1990, Cambridge University Press), 210 p.
- Reid Fraser J. M., Linden J. Ball, Andrew M. Morley, Jonathan St B. T. Evans (1997) « Styles of group discussion in computer-mediated decision making », Social Psychology, vol. 36, n° 3, p. 241-262.
- Reid, Elizabeth M. (1991). Electropolis : Communication and community on Internet relay Chat, Unpublished thesis, Department of History, University of Melbourne, available http://www.irchelp.org/communication-research/academic/academic-reid-e-electropolis-1991.html
- Rice, Ronald E. (1984). « Mediated group communication », dans the new media : Communication, research and technology, R.E. Rice et associates (Eds.), p. 129-156. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage.
- Roy, Bernard; Bouyssou Denis (1993). « Aide multicritère à la décision : méthodes et cas ». Economica, Paris, 695 p.
- Roy, Marie-Christine; F.; Lerch Javier (1996) « Overcoming Ineffective Representations in Base-Rate Problems », Information Systems Research, vol. 7, n° 2, p. 233-247.
- Sandelands, Lloyd E.; St. Clair Linda. (1993). « Toward an empirical concept of group », Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, vol. 23, p. 423-458.
- Schmidt, Erik; Rosenberg Jonathan (2014). How Google works, Great Britain, John Murray (Publishers) 352 p.
- Schwarz, Norbert; Clore Gérald L. (2003). « Mood as information : 20 years later », Psychological Inquiry, vol. 14, p. 296-303.
- Schwenk, Charles R. (1989) « linking cognitive, organizational and political factors in explaining strategic change », Journal of Management Studies, vol. 26, n° 2, p. 177-187.
- Sechrist, Gretchen B.; Charles, Stangor (2001) « Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility » Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol 80, n°4, p. 645-654.
- Siegel, Jane; Dubrovsky, Vitaly; Kiesler, Sara; McGuire, TimothyW (1986). « Group processes in computer-mediated communication ». Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 37, p. 157-187.
- Simon, Herbert (1945) Administration et processus de décision, Economica, Paris, (trad. 1983), 322 p.
- Skitka, Linda J.; Mosier, Kathleen L.; Burdick, Mark. (1999). « Does automation bias decision-making », International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 51, n° 5, p. 991-1006.
- Skyrik, Petr. (2010). « Proposal of a model for effective management and development of virtual teams », Journal of Systems Integration; vol. 1, n° 4, p. 27-38.
- Smoliar, Stephen W.; Sprague Ralph (2002). « Communication and Understanding for Decision Support », Proceedings of International Conference IFIP TC8/WG8.3, p. 107-119, Cork (Ireland).
- Soll, Jack B., Milkman Katherine L.; Payne John W. (2013). A User’s’Guide to Debiasing. www.opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~kmilkman/Soll_et_al_2013.pdf
- Song, Fei (2008). « Trust and reciprocity behavior and behavioral forecasts : Individuals versus group-representatives », Games and Economic Behavior, vol. 62, n° 2, p. 675-696
- Stasser, Garold; Dietz-Uhler, Beth. (Eds.) (2001). Collective Choice, Judgement and Problem Solving, Blackwell handbook of social psychology : Group processes.Wiley-Blackwell, 712 p.
- Stasser, Garold; Stewart, Dennis (1992). « Discovery of hidden profiles by decision-making groups : Solving a problem versus making a judgment », Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 63, n° 3, p. 426-434.
- Stasser, Garold, Taylor, Laurie. A., Hanna Coleen (1989). « Information sampling in structured and unstructured discussions of three and six-person groups », Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 57, n° 1, p. 67-78.
- Stasser, Garold; Titus William (1985). « Pooling of unshared information in group decision making : Biased information sampling during discussion. » Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 48, n° 6, p. 1467-1478.
- Strauss, Susan G., (1996). « Getting a clue : the effects of communication media and information distribution on participation and performance in computer-mediated and face-to-face groups », Small group research, vol. 27, n° 1, p. 115-142.
- Svensson, Jakob (2014) « Power, Identity, and Feelings in Digital Late Modernity, The Rationality of Reflexive Emotion Displays Online », dans Internet and Emotions, Edited by Tova Benski and Eran Fisher, New-York, p. 17-32.
- Turban, Efraim; Jay E. Aronson, Ting-Peng, Liang (2001). Decision support systems and intelligent systems, 6th Prentice-Hall International, Upper Saddle River (N. J., USA), 930 p.
- Turkle S., (1995). Life on the screen : Identity in the age of the Internet, New York, Simon & Schuster, 352 p.
- Tversky, Amos; Kahneman, Daniel (1974). « Judgment under Uncertainty : Heuristics and Biases », Science, New Series, vol. 185, n° 4157, p. 1124-1131
- VanHoorebeke, Delphine (2008). « l’émotion et la prise de décision », Revue française de gestion, vol. 2, n° 182, pp. 33-44.
- Walther, Joseph B. (1996). « computer-mediated communication : impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction », Communication Research, vol. 23, n° 3, p. 3-43.
- Volery, Thierry; Lord Deborah. (2000). « Critical success factors in online education. » International journal of educational management, vol. 14. n° 5, p. 216-223.
- Whyte, Glen (1993). « Escalating commitment in Individual and Group Decision Making : A prospect Theory Approach », Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 54, p. 430-455.
- Wilson, Timothy D., David B. Centerbar; Nancy, Brekke (2002). « Mental contamination and the debiaising problem », dans Heuristics and Biases : The psychology of Intuitive Judgment, edited by Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin et Daniel Kahneman, Cambridge University Press, USA, 882 p.
- Yaniv, Ilan (2011) « Group diversity and decision quality : Amplification and attenuation of the framing effect », International Journal of Forecasting, vol. 27, p. 41-49.
- Zigurs, Ilze, Scott Poole M.; DeSanctis Gerardine L. (1988). « A Study of Influence in Computer-Mediated Group Decision Making » MIS Quarterly, vol. 12, n° 4, p. 625-644.
10.7202/009743ar