Abstracts
Résumé
Les études récentes ont montré qu’il existe une association entre les inégalités sur le marché de l’emploi et le capital social. Selon les tenants de la théorie du capital social, l’accès à l’emploi est associé au capital social que l’individu investit au moment de la recherche de l’emploi. L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner l’influence du capital social sur l’accès à l’emploi dans le contexte canadien. Nous examinerons dans quelle mesure, l’accès à un emploi permanent est associé aux types de sources utilisées pour obtenir l’information sur l’emploi occupé. Notre analyse est basée sur les données de l’Enquête nationale auprès des diplômés de 1995 menée par Statistique Canada. Les résultats montrent que l’accès à un emploi permanent est significativement associé au capital social mobilisé par un individu au moment de la recherche d’un emploi, mais aussi au capital humain (scolarité, domaine d’études et expérience professionnelle) de même qu’à d’autres variables, notamment au secteur d’emploi.
Abstract
Recent research has developed the “social capital theory” to explain inequalities in the labour market. According to this theory, access to employment is determined in part by a candidate’s network of social relations and affiliations. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of social capital on job access, specifically in the Canadian context. We will examine to what extent social capital explains new postsecondary graduates’ access to permanent employment. Using data from the 1995 National Graduates Survey conducted by Statistics Canada, we found that an individual’s chances of obtaining permanent employment are significantly associated with mobilized social capital, and also with human capital (schooling, field of studies, experience) and other variables, particularly the sector of employment.
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Appendices
Notes biographiques
Pierre Canisius Kamanzi est professionnel de recherche au Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST, UQAM). Ses recherches portent essentiellement sur les parcours scolaires (accès et persévérance aux études postuniversitaires) et l’insertion professionnelle.
Marc-André Deniger est professeur titulaire au Département d’administration et fondements de l’éducation de l’Université de Montréal. Son enseignement et ses travaux scientifiques ont eu pour objet l’analyse des politiques et réformes éducatives et sur les inégalités scolaires. Ses travaux plus récents portent sur l’appropriation et la gestion du changement dans les écoles de milieux défavorisés.
Claude Trottier est sociologue de l’éducation et professeur émérite de Faculté des sciences de l’éducation de l’Université Laval. Ses recherches portent sur les parcours scolaires, l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes de même que sur les politiques éducatives, notamment dans le domaine de l’enseignement supérieur.
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Appendices
Biographical notes
PIERRE CANISIUS KAMANZI is a researcher at the Interuniversity Research Center on Science and Technology (CIRST, UQAM). His research focuses on academic trajectories (access to and pursuit of post-university study) and entrance into the work force.
MARC-ANDRÉ DENIGER is a professor in the Department of Administration and Foundations of Education at the University of Montreal. His teaching and scientific work have focused on the analysis of political and educational reforms, and educational inequality. His more recent work looks at appropriating and managing change in disadvantaged schools.
CLAUDE TROTTIER is an educational sociologist and a professor emeritus of Laval University’s education faculty. His research focuses on academic trajectories, work-placement of young people, and educational politics, particularly in the area of advanced learning.