Abstracts
Résumé
La membrane plasmique a longtemps été considérée comme une simple barrière biologique séparant le milieu intracellulaire du milieu externe.Cette vision est devenue caduque, car il est maintenant admis que la membrane plasmique joue un rôle prépondérant dans un grand nombre de processus physiologiques puisqu’elle comporte la plupart des éléments essentiels aux échanges entre la cellule et son environnement.D’une part, la membrane plasmique est capable de se structurer pour participer activement à la signalisation intracellulaire nécessaire au maintien de la vie cellulaire; d’autre part, les altérations auxquelles elle est soumise constituent sans doute autant de signaux de transfert intercellulaire d’informations biologiques.Cet article fait le point sur les acquis les plus récents concernant la plasticité membranaire et les mécanismes intracellulaires mis en jeu lors des modifications de la répartition des lipides entre les feuillets de la bicouche membranaire pendant l’activation cellulaire.Les conséquences physiopathologiques de la présence de microparticules/microvésicules résultant de ce remodelage sont brièvement abordées.
Summary
For a long time the plasma membrane has been considered as a simple barrier between the extracellular and intracellular milieu. Now, it is well accepted that it plays a pivotal role in many physiological processes allowing the communication of cells with their environment. On the one hand, the plasma membrane directly participates in intracellular signaling, on the other hand, changes in membrane structure contribute to the transcellular transfer of biological information. This review analyses the most recent features concerning the plasma membrane plasticity, with a special focus on the intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry during cell activation. The pathophysiologic consequences of microparticle/microvesicle shedding from membrane blebs are briefly exposed.
Appendices
Références
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