Abstracts
Résumé
Le sac endolymphatique constitue l’organe non sensoriel de l’oreille interne. Ses fonctions ne sont pas formellement démontrées. Elles varient probablement selon les espèces. Chez les mammifères, le sac endolymphatique jouerait un rôle dans la régulation du volume et de la pression de l’endolymphe, liquide riche en potassium baignant le pôle apical des cellules sensorielles de l’oreille interne, dans la défense immunitaire de l’oreille interne et dans l’élimination des débris, notamment d’origine cellulaire, présents dans l’endolymphe. Un dysfonctionnement du sac endolymphatique serait impliqué dans certains cas de maladie de Ménière, maladie associant surdité, vertiges et acouphènes, et caractérisée sur le plan histologique par une augmentation du volume du compartiment endolymphatique ou hydrops endolymphatique.
Summary
The endolymphatic sac is a non-sensory organ of the inner ear. It is connected to the endolymphatic compartment that is filled with endolymph, a potassium-rich fluid that bathes the apical side of inner ear sensory cells. The main functions ascribed to the endolymphatic sac are the regulation of the volume and pressure of endolymph, the immune response of the inner ear, and the elimination of endolymphatic waste products by phagocytosis. Functional alteration of these functions, leading to deficient endolymph homeostasis and/or altered inner ear immune response, may participate to the pathophysiology of Ménière’s disease, an inner ear pathology that causes episodes of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and is characterized by an increase in volume of the cochleo-vestibular endolymph (endolymphatic hydrops).
Appendices
Références
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