Abstracts
Résumé
Bien que plus difficiles à quantifier, les effets indirects des routes sur la faune devraient être considérés au même titre que la mortalité routière, car certaines espèces évitent les abords des routes au moins durant une partie de l’année, ce qui peut mener à une fragmentation plus ou moins permanente de leurs populations. D’autre part, on observe chez plusieurs espèces un effet de bordure suivant lequel les abords des routes constituent un habitat de qualité marginale en raison du bruit, des substances et particules projetées par le passage des véhicules, des substances utilisées pour l’entretien routier (p. ex. sels de déglaçage) ou d’autres facteurs. Les oiseaux forestiers étudiés s’avèrent sensibles à la présence de routes à circulation intense, probablement en raison de la pollution sonore, alors qu’une espèce étudiée s’est avérée relativement tolérante à la construction d’une route de gravier. Quant aux amphibiens, les juvéniles en dispersion de 3 des 5 espèces étudiées semblaient éviter la traversée de routes pavées. Les gestionnaires de l’environnement devraient planifier l’aménagement des réseaux routiers dans la perspective du paysage afin d’éviter de dégrader ou de fragmenter les habitats critiques et de créer des barrières pour les mouvements saisonniers des espèces sensibles.
Mots-clés :
- amphibiens,
- écologie routière,
- effet de barrière,
- effet de bordure,
- oiseaux
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Appendices
Notes biographiques
Marc-André Villard est professeur au Département de biologie de l’Université de Moncton.
Marc J. Mazerolle est professionnel de recherche attaché au Centre d’étude de la forêt et professeur associé à l’Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.
Samuel Haché est étudiant au doctorat en biologie à l’Université de l’Alberta.
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