Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude visait à comparer l’utilisation d’un drone avec les observations au sol dans le cadre des suivis de nidification de l’aigle royal (Aquila chrysaetos) et du faucon pèlerin (Falco peregrinus) dans le Québec méridional. Dix territoires d’aigles royaux et 17 de faucons pèlerins ont été suivis par la méthode d’observation classique au sol puis avec le drone, en réalisant un total de 41 vols à proximité des nids. Comparativement au télescope, le drone offrait une meilleure vision de l’intérieur du nid. Il améliorait l’estimation de l’âge des jeunes lors de la 3e visite et cette information est déterminante, car elle sert à préciser la date de la 4e visite, qui permet d’évaluer le succès de nidification et la productivité des nids. La productivité évaluée avec le drone était plus précise que celle évaluée à partir du sol pour le faucon pèlerin, alors qu’il n’y avait pas de différence pour l’aigle royal. Le suivi par drone était presque 3 fois plus rapide que le suivi au sol en considérant uniquement les 3e et 4e visites. Il est recommandé de maintenir le drone à une distance minimale de 100 m des nids pour éviter de déranger ces oiseaux de proie.
Mots-clés :
- aigle royal,
- comportement,
- dérangement,
- faucon pèlerin,
- suivi
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the use of a drone with a traditional ground observation technique for monitoring nesting pairs of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos, n=10) and peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus, n=17) in southern Québec (Canada). During the third and fourth visits to the territories, nests were first inspected from the ground using a telescope and subsequently from the air using a drone. Forty-one flights were conducted. The drone offered a better view of the nest than did the ground-based technique using a telescope. This improved age determination of the nestlings at the third visit, which is important because it determines the date of the fourth visit used to assess nesting success and nest productivity. Although there was no difference for the golden eagle, peregrine falcon productivity assessed using the drone was more accurate than that obtained from the ground. To avoid disturbance during studies of these two raptor species, it is recommended that drones be kept at least 100 m from the nest.
Keywords:
- behaviour,
- disturbance,
- golden eagle,
- peregrine falcon,
- monitoring
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Appendices
Remerciements
Cette étude a été financée par le ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs.
Nous tenons à remercier les personnes suivantes pour leur contribution au projet : Alexandre Anctil, Philippe Beaupré, Francis Bédard, Geneviève Bourget (proposition initiale du projet), Savannah Buissières, Zany Duchesnault, Isabelle Dumais, Anne-Marie Gosselin, Victor Grivegnée-Dumoulin, Alexane Gaudet, Daniel Guérin, Shany Houde, René Houle, Andréanne Huot, Christian Jalbert, Jean-Philippe Lapointe, Martine Lavoie, Sébastien Lefort, Guillaume Lemieux, Francis Lessard (observateur attitré), Denis Manningham (pilote de drone de 2019 – projet pilote), Ariane Massé, Jasmin Michaud, Ève Murray, Antoine Nappi, Sylvie Normand, Rosalie Plamondon, Patrick Richard Cummings (pilote de drone – vols d’essai de 2018), Ghyslain Tremblay, Émilie Trépanier (pilote de drone) et Tania Vinet. Merci également au comité de rédaction de la revue Le Naturaliste canadien, soit Denise Tousignant, Claude Samson et Junior A. Tremblay, ainsi qu’aux réviseurs anonymes pour leurs commentaires constructifs ayant menés à cette publication.
Notes biographiques
Patrick Charbonneau (M. Sc.) est biologiste-chercheur et pilote de drone certifié au ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs (MELCCFP). (ORCID : 0000-0002-0402-3408) patrick.charbonneau@mffp.gouv.qc.ca
Jérôme Lemaître (Ph. D.) est biologiste-chercheur au MELCCFP et président de l’Équipe de rétablissement des oiseaux de proie du Québec (ÉROP).
Guillaume Tremblay est technicien de la faune et pilote de drone certifié au MELCCFP.
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