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Abstracts
Résumé
L’écologie est passée au cours du XXe siècle de science descriptive à science de l’action. Cette métamorphose contraint à adapter tout un vocabulaire théorique à l’épreuve du concret. Or, cette translation n’est pas facile. Si la large majorité des acteurs sociaux s’accordent quant à la nécessité de « protéger la nature », des controverses profondes s’élèvent dès qu’il s’agit de mettre en action cette préservation : que doit-on faire, sur quoi doit-on agir quand on veut protéger « la nature »? Qu’est-ce que la « nature », en somme? C’est à cette question que ce texte propose de répondre, en retraçant tout d’abord la généalogie de ce terme dont le sens n’a jamais été clair, puis en isolant un certain nombre de définitions dominantes, renvoyant chacune à une conception de la nature bien spécifique, et supposant donc des actions de protection distinctes. Plutôt que d’arbitrer de manière jupitérienne (comme s’y sont essayés sans succès de nombreux penseurs), nous proposons d’intégrer toute cette complexité du phénomène nature dans les démarches de protection de la nature, qui doit être pensée dans une acception large, transdisciplinaire et transculturelle.
Mots-clés :
- Nature,
- sémiologie,
- pragmatique,
- philosophie environnementale,
- conservation,
- écologie,
- lexicologie
Abstract
Ecology has evolved over the 20th century from descriptive science to proactive science. This metamorphosis necessitates to adapt a whole theoretical vocabulary to the concrete reality of the field. However, such translation does not come easy. If the vast majority of social actors agree on the need to “protect nature”, deep controversies arise when it comes to putting this preservation into action: what should we do, what should we act on when we want to protect “nature”? What is “nature”, actually? This is the question that this text aims at answering, first by retracing the genealogy of this term, the meaning of which has never been clear, then by isolating a certain number of dominant definitions, each referring to a very specific conception of nature, and thus implying separate protective actions. Rather than arbitrating in an authoritarian manner (as many thinkers have tried unsuccessfully), we propose to integrate this whole complexity of the phenomenon of nature into the approaches aiming at protecting it, which must be conceived in a broad, transdisciplinary and transcultural way.
Keywords:
- Nature,
- Semiology,
- Pragmatics,
- Environmental Philosophy,
- Conservation,
- Ecology,
- Lexicology
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Appendices
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