Abstracts
Abstract
Various cell reactions occurred in staghorn sumac plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi. Light and transmission electron microscopy observations and results of cytochemical tests showed: 1) increased laticifers and latex production in the phloem; 2) tylosis formation; 3) host cell wall modifications, including appositions or other cell wall thickenings; and 4) unusual cross wall formation in some cells, and cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Tylosis walls labelled for pectin and cellulose and many displayed inner suberin-like layers. These layers were also noted in cells of the medullary sheath and in many cells with dense content and thickened walls in the barrier zones that had formed. These zones also contained fibres with newly-formed gelatinous-like layers. In the vicinity of these cells, host cell walls were frequently altered, associated with opaque matter. Many small particles present in chains also occurred in some of these cells, which contained only remnants of host cytoplasm. Light microscopy observations showed that pronounced tissue proliferation and aberrant cells occurred in the outer xylem in the infected plants. Unusual neoplasmic tissue also formed from cells surrounding the pith and medullary sheath, and it spanned directly across the pre-existing xylem tissue and burst as large mounds on the stems.
Keywords:
- Barrier zone formation,
- host cell wall modifications,
- labelling for cellulose and pectin,
- neoplastic tissue,
- suberization,
- tylosis formation
Résumé
Diverses réactions cellulaires ont été observées chez des plants de vinaigrier inoculés par le Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. callistephi. Ces effets ont été notés au moyen de la microscopie photonique et électronique à transmission et par des tests cytochimiques. Ainsi, on a observé la formation de nombreux canaux de latex dans le liber et de thylles dans les éléments de vaisseaux, des épaississements ou autres modifications des parois cellulaires, des cloisons adventives dans certaines cellules et de l’hyperplasie et de l’hypertrophie cellulaires dans certains tissus. Les parois des thylles se sont marquées pour la pectine et la cellulose, sauf les couches lucides apparemment subérisées présentes dans plusieurs de ces thylles. Ces couches étaient également présentes dans les cellules de la couche médullaire ainsi que dans plusieurs cellules de parenchyme et même des fibres. Des barrières de protection se sont formées et elles étaient composées de cellules de parenchyme avec des parois épaissies et à contenu de forte densité et de fibres avec des parois additionnelles dites gélatineuses. Des altérations pariétales prononcées, reliées à de la matière opaque, se trouvaient dans ces cellules ou dans les parois avoisinantes. Plusieurs particules interreliées occupaient certaines cellules infectées pourvues de seulement quelques traces de cytoplasme altéré. Tel qu’observée en microscopie photonique, une zone de prolifération de cellules plus ou moins bien différenciées était visible à la marge extérieure du xylème. Du côté de la moelle et de la couche médullaire, une multiplication accrue de cellules provenant de ces tissus a également été notée. Ces masses tissulaires inusitées avaient découpé le xylème, formant avec celui-ci un genre de muraille et émergeant en monticules sur la tige.
Mots clés:
- Barrières de protection,
- formation de thylles,
- marquage pour cellulose et pectine,
- modifications pariétales,
- subérinisation,
- tissus néoplasmiques
Appendices
References
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