ror.org/002rjbv21
Abstracts
Résumé
Si l’éducation à la sexualité a surtout été pensée pour les jeunes en milieu scolaire, peu de travaux tentent de comprendre les besoins des jeunes en situation d’itinérance. À partir d’une démarche qualitative, cet article vise à documenter les recommandations énoncées par des jeunes en situation d’itinérance pour favoriser leur accès à l’éducation à la sexualité. Pour ce faire, des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de trente-trois (33) jeunes en situation d’itinérance (18 à 25 ans). Trois principales recommandations ont été identifié : 1) favoriser l’acceptabilité de l’éducation à la sexualité chez les jeunes en situation d’itinérance en formant le personnel pour réaliser des interventions bienveillantes; 2) favoriser la disponibilité de l’éducation à la sexualité en allant à la rencontre des jeunes en situation d’itinérance pour les solliciter à participer; 3) favoriser la pertinence de l’éducation à la sexualité en adaptant la forme et le contenu des activités selon une approche participative et positive. Ces résultats suggèrent l’importance de développer un modèle d’éducation à la sexualité participatif, positif et inclusif pour les jeunes en situation d’itinérance. Contrairement aux modèles dominants centrés sur la prévention des risques sexuels, ce modèle alternatif d’éducation à la sexualité repose sur la nécessité d’aller à la rencontre des jeunes en situation d’itinérance, tout en favorisant un discours sur l’inclusion et le plaisir sexuel.
Mots-clés :
- Éducation à la sexualité,
- itinérance,
- jeunes,
- recherche qualitative,
- plaisir sexuel,
- inclusion
Abstract
While sex education has primarily been designed for youth in schools, little work has attempted to understand the needs of youth experiencing homelessness. Using a qualitative approach, this article aims to document the recommendations made by youth experiencing homelessness to promote their access to sex education. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with thirty-three (33) youth experiencing homelessness (aged 18 to 25 years). Three main recommendations were identified: 1) promote the acceptability of sex education among youth experiencing homelessness by training staff to carry out benevolent interventions; 2) promote the availability of sex education by reaching out to youth experiencing homelessness to invite them to participate; 3) promote the appropriateness of sex education by adapting the form and content of activities according to a participatory and positive approach. These results highlight the importance of developing a participatory, positive and inclusive sex education model for youth experiencing homelessness. Contrary to the dominant models centered on the prevention of sexual risks, this alternative model of sex education is based on the need to reach out to youth experiencing homelessness, while promoting a discourse on inclusion and sexual pleasure.
Keywords:
- Sex education,
- homelessness,
- youth,
- qualitative research,
- sexual pleasure,
- inclusion
Download the article in PDF to read it. Download
Appendices
Remerciements
Je tiens à remercier les participant.e.s pour leur générosité et leur participation à l’étude. Je veux également souligner l’importance du travail effectué par Émilie Fournier, Joe Ducharme, Sophie Morin, Lena Paquette-Gauthier et Guillaume Renard-Robert à des phases antérieures de la recherche. Cette recherche a été financée par le Fonds de recherche du Québec — Société et culture (FRQSC).
Bibliographie
- Abbott, K., Ellis, S. et Abbott, R. (2015). “We don’t get into all that”: An analysis of how teachers uphold heteronormative sex and relationship education. Journal of Homosexuality, 62(12), 1638-1659.10.1080/00918369.2015.1078203 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Abramovich, A. (2016). Preventing, reducing and ending LGBTQ2S youth homelessness: The need for targeted strategies. Social Inclusion, 4(4), 86-96.10.17645/si.v4i4.669 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Allen, L. et Carmody, M. (2012). “Pleasure has no passport”: Re-visiting the potential of pleasure in sexuality education. Sex Education, 12(4), 455-468.10.1080/14681811.2012.677208 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Allen, L. (2004). Beyond the birds and the bees: Constituting a discourse of erotics in sexuality education. Gender and Education, 6(2), 151-167.10.1080/09540250310001690555 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Allen, L. (2007). “Pleasurable pedagogy”: Young people’s ideas about teaching ‘pleasure’ in sexuality education. Twenty-First Century Society, 2(3), 249-264.10.1080/17450140701631437 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Allen, L. (2012). Pleasure’s perils? Critically reflecting on pleasure’s inclusion in sexuality education. Sexualities, 15(3/4), 455-471.10.1177/1363460712439654 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Allen, L. (2014). Don’t forget, Thursday is test [icle] time! The use of humour in sexuality education. Sex Education, 14(4), 387-399.10.1080/14681811.2014.918539 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Aviles, A. et Helfrich, C. (2004). Life skill service needs: Perspectives of homeless youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(4), 331-338.10.1023/B:JOYO.0000032641.82942.22 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Beasley, C. (2008). The challenge of pleasure: Re-imagining sexuality and sexual health. Health Sociology Review, 17(2), 151-163.10.5172/hesr.451.17.2.151 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Bengtsson, J. et Bolander, E. (2020). Strategies for inclusion and equality–‘norm-critical’sex education in Sweden. Sex Education, 20(2), 154-169.10.1080/14681811.2019.1634042 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Biernacki, P. et Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141–163.10.1177/004912418101000205 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Boucher, K. (2003). Faites la prévention, mais pas l’amour! : Des regards féministes sur la recherche et l’intervention en éducation sexuelle. Recherches féministes, 16(1), 121-158.
10.7202/007345ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Brickman, J. et Willoughby, J. F. (2017). ‘You shouldn’t be making people feel bad about having sex’: Exploring young adults’ perceptions of a sex-positive sexual health text message intervention. Sex Education, 17(6), 621-634.10.1080/14681811.2017.1332582 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Brown, G., Sorenson, A. et Hildebrand, J. (2012). How they got it and how they wanted it: marginalised young people’s perspective on their experiences of sexual health education. Sex Education,12(5), 599-612.10.1080/14681811.2011.634141 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cacchioni, T. et Tiefer, L. (2012). Why medicalization? Introduction to the special issue on the medicalization of sex. Journal of Sex Research, 49(4), 307-310.10.1080/00224499.2012.690112 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cameron-Lewis, V. (2016). Escaping oppositional thinking in the teaching of pleasure and danger in sexuality education. Gender and Education, 28(4), 491-509.10.1080/09540253.2016.1171297 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cameron-Lewis, V. et Allen, L. (2013). Teaching pleasure and danger in sexuality education. Sex Education, 13(2), 121-132.10.1080/14681811.2012.697440 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Canadian Observatory on Homelessness. (2016). Canadian definition of youth homelessness. Homeless Hub: https://homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/Definition_of_Youth_Homelessness.pdfGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Coll, L., O’Sullivan, M. et Enright, E. (2018). ‘The Trouble with normal’: (Re)imagining sexuality education with young people. Sex Education, 18(2), 157-171.10.1080/14681811.2017.1410699 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Connell, C. et Elliott, S. (2009). Beyond the birds and the bees: Learning inequality through sexuality education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 4(2), 83-102.10.1080/15546120903001332 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Coolhart, D. et Brown, M. T. (2017). The need for safe spaces: Exploring the experiences of homeless LGBTQ youth in shelters. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 230–238.10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.021 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Côté, P.-B., Manseau, H., Boucher, K., Provencher, M.-A. et Blais, M. (2015). L’intervention en matière de sexualité chez les jeunes en situation de rue à Montréal : L’accompagnement social comme piste prometteuse. Revue canadienne de service social, 32(1), 93-109.10.7202/1034145ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Côté, P.-B. et Fournier, É. (2018). Les motifs d’utilisation ou non des services en santé sexuelle par les jeunes en situation de rue. Nouvelles pratiques sociales, 30(1), 1-19.10.7202/1051409ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Cruz, C., Greenwald, E. et Sandil, R. (2017). Let’s talk about sex: Integrating sex positivity in counseling psychology practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 45(4), 547-569.10.1177/0011000017714763 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- deFur, K. M. (2012). Getting to the good stuff: Adopting a pleasure framework for sexuality education. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 7(2), 146-159.10.1080/15546128.2012.680864 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Descheneaux, J., Pagé, G., Piazzesi, C. et Pirotte, M. (2018). Promouvoir des programmes d’éducation à la sexualité positive, inclusive et émancipatrice : Méta-analyse qualitative intersectionnelle des besoins exprimés par les jeunes. Service aux collectivités de l’Université du Québec à Montréal/Fédération du Québec pour le planning des naissances.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Elia, J. P. et Eliason, M. (2010). Discourses of exclusion: Sexuality education’s silencing of sexual others. Journal of LGBT youth, 7(1), 29-48.10.1080/19361650903507791 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Elia, J. et Tokunaga, J. (2015). Sexuality education: Implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States. Health Education, 115(1), 105-120.10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ensign, J. (2004). Quality of health care: The views of homeless youth. Health Services Research, 39(4 Pt 1), 695–708.10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00253.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Fields, J. et Tolman, D. L. (2006). Risky business: Sexuality education and research in US schools. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 3(4), 63-76.10.1525/srsp.2006.3.4.63 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Fontaine, A. (2013). Le travail de rue : Accompagner les jeunes au fil de leurs aléas existentiels et quotidiens. Lien social et Politiques, 70, 189-203.10.7202/1021163ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ford, J. V., Corona Vargas, E., Finotelli Jr, I., Fortenberry, J. D., Kismödi, E., Philpott, A., Rubio-Aurioles, E. et Coleman, E. (2019). Why pleasure matters: Its global relevance for sexual health, sexual rights and wellbeing. International Journal of Sexual Health, 31(3), 217-230.10.1080/19317611.2019.1654587 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Garcia, L. (2009). “Now why do you want to know about that?” Heteronormativity, sexism, and racism in the sexual (mis) education of Latina youth. Gender & Society, 23(4), 520-541.10.1177/0891243209339498 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Garrett, S. B., Higa, D. H., Phares, M. M., Peterson, P. L., Wells, E. A. et Baer, J. S. (2008). Homeless youths’ perceptions of services and transitions to stable housing. Evaluation and Program Planning, 31(4), 436–444.10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2008.04.012 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Gibson, K. E. (2011). Street kids: Homeless youth, outreach, and policing New York’s streets. NYU Press.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Glaser, B. G. et Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.10.1097/00006199-196807000-00014 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Gowen, L. K. et Winges-Yanez, N. (2014). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning youths’ perspectives of inclusive school-based sexuality education. The Journal of Sex Research, 51(7), 788-800.10.1080/00224499.2013.806648 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Grant, R. et Nash, M. (2019). Educating queer sexual citizens? A feminist exploration of bisexual and queer young women’s sex education in Tasmania, Australia. Sex Education, 19(3), 313-328.10.1080/14681811.2018.1548348 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Haldenby, A. M., Berman, H. et Forchuk C. (2007). Homelessness and health in adolescents. Qualitative Health Research, 17(9), 1232-1244.10.1177/1049732307307550 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hudson, A. L., Nyamathi, A., Greengold, B., Slagle, A., Koniak-Griffin, D., Khalilifard, F. et Getzoff, D. (2010). Health-seeking challenges among homeless youth. Nursing research, 59(3), 212-218.10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181d1a8a9 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hwang, S. W., Tolomiczenko, G., Kouyoumdjian, F. G. et Garner, R. E. (2005). Interventions to improve the health of the homeless. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(4), 311-311.10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.017 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Illes, J. (2012). Young sexual citizens: Reimagining sex education as an essential form of civic engagement. Sex Education, 12(5), 613-625.10.1080/14681811.2011.634152 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ingham, R. (2005). ‘We didn’t cover that at school’: Education against pleasure or education for pleasure? Sex Education, 5(4), 375-388.10.1080/14681810500278451 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kelly, K. et Caputo, T. (2007). Health and street/homeless youth. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(5), 726-736.10.1177/1359105307080594 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Koepsel, E. R. (2016). The power in pleasure: Practical implementation of pleasure in sex education classrooms. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 11(3), 205-265.10.1080/15546128.2016.1209451 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Kolenz, K. A. et Branfman, J. (2019). Laughing to sexual education: Feminist pedagogy of laughter as a model for holistic sex-education. Sex Education, 19(5), 568-581. 10.1080/14681811.2018.1559728 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lamb, S. (2013). Just the facts? The separation of sex education from moral education. Educational Theory, 63(5), 443-460.10.1111/edth.12034 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Leclerc, P., Gallant, S., Morissette, C. et Roy, É. (2013). Surveillance des ITSS et des comportements associés auprès des jeunes de la rue de Montréal. Direction de la santé publique, Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Lévesque, J. F., Harris, M. F. et Russell, G. (2013). Patient-centred access to health care: Conceptualising access at the interface of health systems and populations. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12(1), 18.10.1186/1475-9276-12-18 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- MacDonald, S. A. (2014). Managing risk: Self-regulation among homeless youth. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 31(6), 497-520.10.1007/s10560-014-0337-5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Manseau, H., Blais, M., Côté, P.-B. et Provencher, M.-A. (2011). Comprendre les conditions de vie et les facteurs en jeu dans la prise de risques sexuels des jeunes en difficulté : bilan de trois études qualitatives. Dans L. Charton et J.J. Lévy (sous la dir.), La contraception : prévalence, prévention et enjeux de société (p. 179-198). Presses de l’Université du Québec.10.2307/j.ctv18pgxrk.10 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Marshall, B. D., Kerr, T., Shoveller, J. A., Patterson, T. L., Buxton, J. A. et Wood, E. (2009). Homelessness and unstable housing associated with an increased risk of HIV and STI transmission among street-involved youth. Health & Place, 15(3), 783-790.10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.12.005 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Marshall, B. D. (2008). The contextual determinants of sexually transmissible infections among street-involved youth in North America. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 10(8), 787-799.10.1080/13691050802295719 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Meadows, E. (2018). Sexual health equity in schools: Inclusive sexuality and relationship education for gender and sexual minority students. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 13(3), 297-309.10.1080/15546128.2018.1431988 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ober, A. J., Martino, S. C., Ewing, B. et Tucker, J. S. (2012). If you provide the test, they will take it: Factors associated with HIV/STI testing in a representative sample of homeless youth in Los Angeles. AIDS Education and Prevention, 24(4), 350-362.10.1521/aeap.2012.24.4.350 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- O’Grady, B., Kidd, S. et Gaetz, S. (2020). Youth homelessness and self identity: A view from Canada. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(4), 499-510.10.1080/13676261.2019.1621997 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- O’Grady, B. et Gaetz, S. (2009). Street survival: A gendered analysis of youth homelessness in Toronto. Dans J. D. Hulchanski, Campsie, P. S. B.Y. Chau, S. H. Hwang et E. Paradis (sous la dir.), Finding home: Policy options for addressing homelessness in Canada (chapter 3.4). Toronto: Cities Centre, University of Toronto. https://www.homelesshub.ca/resource/34-street-survival-gendered-analysis-youth-homelessness-torontoGoogle Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Oliver, V. et Cheff, R. (2012). Sexual health: The role of sexual health services among homeless young women living in Toronto, Canada. Health Promotion Practice, 13(3), 370-377.10.1177/1524839912437369 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Otis, J., Gaudreau, L., Duquet, F., Michaud, F. et Nonn, É. (2011). L’intégration et la coordination des actions en éducation à la sexualité en milieu scolaire dans le contexte en transformation des réseaux de l’éducation et de la santé. Chaire de recherche du Canada en éducation à la santé. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Pascoe, C. J. (2011). Dude, you’re a fag: Masculinity and sexuality in high school. University of California Press.10.1525/9780520950696 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Pingel, E. S., Thomas, L., Harmell, C. et Bauermeister, J. A. (2013). Creating comprehensive, youth centered, culturally appropriate sex education: What do young gay, bisexual, and questioning men want? Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 10(4), 293-301.10.1007/s13178-013-0134-5 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Rasmussen, M. L. (2012). Pleasure/desire, sexularism and sexuality education. Sex Education, 12(4), 469-481.10.1080/14681811.2012.677204 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Richard, G. (2019). Hétéro, l’école? Plaidoyer pour une éducation antioppressive à la sexualité. Éditions du Remue-ménage.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Tesch, R. (1990). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools. Routledge Falmer.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Thompson, S. J., McManus, H., Lantry, J., Windsor, L. et Flynn, P. (2006). Insights from the street: Perceptions of services and providers by homeless young adults. Evaluation and Program Planning, 29(1), 34-43.10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2005.09.001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Tyler, K. A., Akinyemi, S. L. et Kort-Butler, L. A. (2012). Correlates of service utilization among homeless youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(7), 1344-1350.10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.03.010 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ungpakorn, R. et Rae, B. (2020). Health-related street outreach: Exploring the perceptions of homeless people with experience of sleeping rough. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(1), 253-263.10.1111/jan.14225 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Wikström, E., Eriksson, E. M. et Lindroth, M. (2018). Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) education with homeless people in Sweden. Sex Education, 18(6), 611-625.10.1080/14681811.2018.1451320 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Winetrobe, H., Rhoades, H., Barman-Adhikari, A., Cederbaum, J., Rice, E. et Milburn, N. (2013). Pregnancy attitudes, contraceptive service utilization, and other factors associated with Los Angeles homeless youths’ use of effective contraception and withdrawal. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, 26(6), 314-322.10.1016/j.jpag.2013.06.007 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Wood, R., Hirst, J., Wilson, L. et Burns-O’Connell, G. (2019). The pleasure imperative? Reflecting on sexual pleasure’s inclusion in sex education and sexual health. Sex Education, 19(1), 1-14.10.1080/14681811.2018.1468318 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Zimmerman, J. (2016). Too hot to handle: A global history of sex education. Princeton University Press.10.1515/9781400865864 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar