Abstracts
Abstract
In 1536 the Dutch Anabaptist David Joris (c. 1501–56) was proclaimed an Anabaptist messiah in the aftermath of Anabaptist Münster. When his and his followers’ apocalyptical expectations failed to materialize in late 1538, Joris fled Delft for Antwerp, then in 1544 he fled again to Basel, where he dissimulated successfully until his death. He also moved away from external fulfillment of prophecy to a fully internalized religiosity. Joris maintained contact with a widely diverse following through his missives, over 1,200 of which have survived in three printed editions from the early seventeenth century and at least one manuscript collection. This article conducts a close reading of a small sample of Joris’s late correspondence and some of his more famous missives to help explain why his letters appealed to readers, despite, or because of, their author’s intentionally obscure “spiritualistic” writing style. They offered a sense of belonging to a spiritual elite who could comprehend the meaning of creation and life. They also reveal much about Joris’s supporters as well as the significant shifts in Joris’s thinking.
Keywords:
- David Joris,
- Correspondence,
- Spiritualism,
- Anabaptism,
- Printing,
- Devil,
- Basel,
- Johan Wier,
- Matthias Wier,
- Antwerp,
- Michael Servetus
Résumé
En 1536, l’anabaptiste hollandais David Joris (v. 1501-56) fut proclamé messie dans la foulée de la révolte anabaptiste de Münster. Lorsque les espérances apocalyptiques qu’il nourrissait avec ses disciples restèrent lettre morte à la fin de l’année 1538, Joris quitta Delft pour se réfugier à Anvers, puis se rendit à Bâle en 1544, où il parvint à se dissimuler jusqu’à sa mort. Il renonça également à l’accomplissement extérieur des prophéties au profit d’une religiosité pleinement intérieure. Joris maintint le contact avec des disciples issus de milieux variés à travers ses missives, dont plus de 1200 nous sont restées dans trois éditions imprimées du début du XVIIe siècle et dans au moins une collection de manuscrits. Cet article propose une lecture minutieuse d’un petit échantillon de la correspondance tardive de Joris et de certaines de ses missives les plus célèbres, afin d’éclaircir pourquoi ces lettres séduisaient leurs lecteurs, en dépit – ou en vertu – de leur style « spiritualiste » volontairement obscur. Elles donnaient aux lecteurs le sentiment d’appartenir à une élite spirituelle capable de comprendre le sens de la vie et de la création. Elles en disent également long sur les partisans de Joris, ainsi que sur les changements significatifs survenus dans sa pensée.
Appendices
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