Abstracts
Abstract
The 2008 financial crisis had a tremendous impact on the Greek economy and society. Since 2010, widespread popular mobilizations have emerged against the austerity measures that were part of the bail-out package proposed to the Greek governments by the Troika of creditors (EU-ECB-IMF). Yet the institutional trade unions have failed to impede the reduction of wage earners’ income, which, by 2013, had dropped by 50% compared to 2008 levels. These unions have also been largely unable to confirm their leading role in mobilizing the working population. This article examines the reasons for the failure of the institutional trade unions to adequately address the austerity challenge. We consider that the explanation of their shortcomings lies in the generic challenges and problems contemporary trade unions are facing, as documented in the relevant international literature, as well as the specific particularities and traits of the Greek socio-political context. We also investigate the alternatives proposed by militant, grassroots labour organizations, such as neighbourhood-based workers’ clubs, industry sector or company-based unions populated by precarious workers, and occupied, self-managed companies. After identifying the strong points of the latter’s contributions, as well as the problems and challenges they are facing, we conclude that a diversified and innovative approach is required on the part of the labour movement in order to simultaneously address and exploit all sources of workers’ power. The article concludes that a process of strategic rapprochement between mainstream and radical unions in Greece is necessary.
Keywords:
- Trade unions,
- social unionism,
- precariousness,
- grassroots unions,
- Greece
Résumé
La crise financière de 2008 a eu un impact énorme sur l’économie et la société grecques. Depuis 2010, de grandes mobilisations populaires ont émergé contre les mesures d’austérité du plan de sauvetage que la troïka des créanciers (UE-BCE-FMI) a proposé aux gouvernements grecs. Pourtant, les syndicats institutionnels ont échoué à empêcher la réduction des revenus des salariés, à hauteur de 50% en 2013 par rapport à ceux de 2008. En outre, ils furent largement incapables de confirmer leur rôle de leader dans les mobilisations des classes ouvrières et des salariés. Dans cet article, nous examinons les raisons de l’échec des syndicats institutionnels à répondre de manière adéquate au défi de l’austérité. Nous considérons que l’explication de cet échec réside dans les défis et les problèmes génériques auxquels les syndicats contemporains sont confrontés — dont la littérature internationale a documenté le sujet —, ainsi que dans les particularités et les caractéristiques spécifiques du contexte socio-politique grec. Ensuite, nous étudions les alternatives proposées par des groupes de militants et des travailleurs de la base, par exemple, des associations de quartier formées par des travailleurs, des syndicats d’entreprise composés par des travailleurs précaires et des entreprises autogérées en état d’occupation. Après avoir identifié les points forts de leur contribution, ainsi que les problèmes et les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés, nous concluons qu’une approche diversifiée et innovante est requise, au nom du mouvement ouvrier, afin de simultanément tenir compte et exploiter toute source de pouvoir ouvrier. L’article conclut qu’un processus de rapprochement stratégique entre les syndicats traditionnels et radicaux est nécessaire en Grèce.
Mots-clés:
- syndicalisme,
- mouvements sociaux,
- précarité,
- syndicats de base,
- Grèce
Resumen
La crisis financiera de 2008 tuvo un impacto enorme sobre la economía y la sociedad griega. Desde 2010, grandes movilizaciones populares han surgido contra las medidas de austeridad del plan de rescate que la troika de acreedores (Unión Europea, Banco Central de Europa, Fondo Monetario Internacional) ha propuesto a los gobiernos griegos. Sin embargo, los sindicatos institucionales han fracasado a impedir la reducción de los ingresos de asalariados, a la altura del 50% en 2013 respecto los de 2008. Además, ellos fueron completamente incapaces de confirmar su rol de líder en las movilizaciones de clases obreras y de los asalariados. En este artículo, examinamos las razones del fracaso de los sindicatos institucionales a responder de manera adecuada al reto de la austeridad. Consideramos que la explicación de este fracaso se encuentra en los desafíos y problemas genéricos a los cuales los sindicatos contemporáneos son confrontados — como la literatura internacional lo ha documentado —, así como en las particularidades y las características específicas del contexto socio-político griego. Enseguida estudiamos las alternativas propuestas por los grupos de militantes y los trabajadores de base, por ejemplo, de las asociaciones de barrio formadas por trabajadores, sindicatos de empresa compuestos por trabajadores precarios y las empresas de autogestión en estado de ocupación. Después de haber identificado los puntos fuertes de su contribución, así como los problemas y desafíos a los cuales son confrontados, concluimos que se requiere un enfoque diversificado e innovador, en nombre del movimiento obrero, con miras a orientar y explotar toda fuente de poder obrero. El artículo concluye que un proceso de acercamiento estratégico entre los sindicatos tradicionales y radicales es necesario en Grecia.
Palabras claves:
- Sindicalismo,
- movimientos sociales,
- precariedad,
- sindicatos de base,
- Grecia
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Appendices
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