This special issue of Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations presents articles based on original research on fundamental changes to work and work arrangements that undermine workers’ health and safety, exacerbate health inequalities and pose major challenges to those who want to resist a 'race to the bottom' in working conditions and imagine and promote regulatory reforms to better protect workers and their health. The papers in this special issue not only make a contribution to knowledge about work intensification and employment precariousness and their impact on health and safety, but also shed light on further challenges presented by the current globalized work environment: the association of precariousness with international, regional and local employment-related mobility, both in developed and developing countries; the commuting difficulties faced by some workers in precarious employment; the non-standard work schedules resulting from work intensification pressures and the consequential health and work family balance difficulties; and the dilution of responsibility for health and safety and for workers’ compensation in international supply chains. One paper illustrates an old but still pervasive challenge: the production of a 'paradigm of doubt' which uses and even produces scientific uncertainty to obscure the effects of hazards to workers’ health, thus delaying the prevention and compensation of their negative effects on health. The articles in this special issue all result from presentations made by their authors at the International Conference on Regulation, Change and the Work Environment that was held in December 2015 at the University of Ottawa. The idea for the conference series that culminated in this conference emerged in discussions with colleagues from Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada and France about the importance of ensuring networking opportunities and support for the next generation of scholars committed to the pursuit of research in the field of work environment and regulation in the context of globalization. To this end, a first symposium was hosted by the Cardiff Work Environment Research Centre at Cardiff University in the summer of 2014, where English speaking scholars from the Global North and the Global South, and from a variety of disciplines, met to discuss research on work organization, governance and the regulatory aspects of occupational health and safety and the work environment (Quinlan et al., 2015). The Ottawa conference took a further step in consolidating an international research network in our field, bringing together English speaking participants from Australia, Canada, China, the UK and the USA, on the one hand, and French speaking scholars from Belgium, Canada (Quebec) and France on the other. All of these scholars have been pursuing research on similar issues, addressing occupational health and safety challenges often arising from globalized labour markets that are associated with a rise in precarious employment, an increasingly geographically mobile workforce, and the ”fissuring” of the workplace, to borrow the term of David Weil (2014). The contributions to this issue report on research findings from studies conducted in workplaces and regulatory environments that are quite different from each other, undertaken by scholars from various disciplines, including sociology, law, industrial relations/labour and management studies, communications and ergonomics. Yet the results of these studies, be they from countries with advanced economies, such as Canada, Australia or France, or emerging economies such as China, provide a relatively concordant portrait of the challenges raised by the need for effective regulation of working conditions for the purpose of protecting workers’ health and safety, and ensuring adequate access to healthcare and income support when injuries or illnesses arise because of work. To facilitate our understanding of the cross-cutting messages of these studies, in this introduction we define key concepts underpinning the …
Appendices
Références
- Askenazi, Philippe, Damien Cartron, Frédéric de Coninck et Michel Gollac. (2006) Organisation et intensité du travail, Toulouse, France : Octares Éditions.
- Baril-Gingras, Geneviève. (2013) « La production sociale de la santé et de la sécurité du travail », dans Sylvie Montreuil, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier et Geneviève Baril-Gingras (Eds.), L’intervention en santé et en sécurité du travail : pour agir en prévention dans les milieux de travail, Québec : Presses de l’Université Laval, p. 23-110.
- Benach, Joan, Alexandra Vives, Marcelo Amable, Christophe Vanroelen, Gemma Tarafa et Carles Muntaner. (2014) « Precarious Employment : Understanding an Emerging Social Determinant of Health », Annual Review of Public Health, 35, p. 229-253 (doi :10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500).
- Browne, R.C. (1973) « Safety and Health at Work : The Robens Report », British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 30 (1), p. 87-94.
- Cloutier, Esther, Katherine Lippel, Noël Bouliane et Jean-François Boivin. (2011) « Description des conditions de travail et d’emploi au Québec », dans Michel Vézina, Esther Cloutier, Susan Stock, Katherine Lippel, Éric Fortin, Alain Delisle, Marie St-Vincent, Amélie Funès, Patrice Duguay, Samuel Vézina et Pascale Prud’homme (Eds.), Enquête québécoise sur des conditions de travail, d’emploi, et de santé et de sécurité du travail (EQCOTESST). Montréal : Institut de recherche Robert Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Institut de la Statistique du Québec, p. 59-158.
- Cox, Rachel et Katherine Lippel. (2008) « Falling Through the Legal Cracks : The Pitfalls of Using Workers’ Compensation Data as Indicators of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses », Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 6 (2), p. 9-30.
- Di Ruggiero, Erica , Joanna E. Cohen, Donald C. Cole et Lisa Forman. (2015) « Public Health Agenda Setting in a Global Context : The International Labor Organization’s Decent Work Agenda », American Journal of Public Health, 105 (4), p. e58-e61 (doi : 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302455).
- Eurofound. (2016) First Findings : Sixth European Working Conditions Survey, Luxembourg : Publications Office of the European Union, p. 1-8.
- Gravel, Sylvie et Stéphanie Premji. (2014) « Travailleurs migrants : une histoire sans fin de cumul des précarités de statut, d’emploi et de conditions de santé et de sécurité au travail », Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 16 (2), p. 1-5.
- Hu, Nien-Chih, Jong-Dar Chen et Tsun-JenCheng. (2016) « The Associations between Long Working Hours, Physical Inactivity and Burnout », Journal of Occupational and Enviromental Medicine, 58 (5), p. 514-518 (doi :10.1097/JOM.0000000000000715).
- Ison, Terence George. (1998) « Workers’ Compensation Systems », dans Jeane Mager Stellman (Ed.), Encylopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety , 4 ed., Vol. 1, Genève : ILO.
- Johnstone, Richard. (2011) « Dismantling Worker Categories : The Primary Duty of Care, and Worker Consultation, Participation and Representation in the Model Work Health and Safety Bill 2009 », Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 9 (2), p. 91-108.
- Johnstone, Richard et Andrew Stewart. (2015) « Swimming against the Tide : Australian Labor Regulation and the Fissured Workplace », Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37, p. 55-90.
- Kivimäki, Mika, Markus Jokela, Solja T. Nyberg, Archana Singh-Manoux, Eleonor I. Fransson, Lars Alfredsson, …, et Marianna Virtanen. (2015) « Long Working Hours and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and Unpublished Individual Participant Data for 603838 Individuals », The Lancet, 386, October 31st, p. 1739-1746.
- Laflamme, Anne-Marie. (2015) « Changing Work Relationships and the Protection of Workers under Quebec and Australian Occupational Health and Safety Law », Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 19 (1), p. 223-253.
- Lewchuk, Wayne, Michelynn Laflèche, Stephanie Procyk, Charlene Cook, Diane Dyson, Luin Goldring, Karin Lior, Alan Meisner, John Shields, Anthony Tambureno et Peter Viducis. (2015) The Precarity Penalty : The Impact of Employment Precarity on Individuals, Households and Communitiesand What to Do About it. Consulté à http://www.unitedwaytyr.com/document.doc?id=307.
- Lippel, Katherine. (2012) « Preserving Workers’ Dignity in Workers’ Compensation Systems : An International Perspective », American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 55 (6), p. 519-536 (doi :10.1002/ajim.22022).
- Lippel, Katherine. (2016) « L’avenir du droit de la santé et de la sécurité du travail dans le contexte de la mondialisation », Ottawa Law Review/Revue de droit d’Ottawa, 47 (2), p. 535-556.
- Lippel, Katherine et Rachel Cox. (2012) « Invisibilité des lésions professionnelles et inégalités de genre : le rôle des règles et pratiques juridiques », dans Annie Thébaud-Mony, Véronique Daubas-Letourneux, Nathalie Frigul et Paul Jobin (dir.) Santé au travail : Approches critiques, Paris : La Découverte, p. 153-179.
- Lippel, Katherine et Anne-Marie Laflamme. (2011) « Les droits et responsabilités des employeurs et des travailleurs dans un contexte de sous-traitance : enjeux pour la prévention, l’indemnisation et le retour au travail », dans Service de la formation continue du Barreau du Québec (Ed.), Développements récents en droit de la santé et sécurité au travail, vol. 334, Cowansville : Éditions Yvon Blais, p. 267-360.
- Lippel, Katherine et Karen Messing. (2013) « A Gender Perspective on Work, Regulation and their Effects on Women’s Health, Safety and Well-Being », dans Theo Nichols et David Walters (Eds.), Safety or Profit? International Studies in Governance, Change and the Work Environment, Amityville, NY : Baywood Publishing, p. 33-48.
- Lippel, Katherine et David Walters. (2014) Employment-Related Geographic Mobility and Occupational Health and Safety Policy (Draft Report).
- MacEachen, Ellen, Katherine Lippel, Ron Saunders, Agnieszka Kosny, Liz Mansfield, Christine Carrasco et Diana Pugliese. (2012) « Workers’ Compensation Experience-Rating Rules and the Danger to Workers’ Safety in the Temporary Work Agency Sector », Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 10 (1), p. 77-95.
- Mayhew, Claire et Michael Quinlan. (2006) « Economic Pressure, Multi-Tiered Subcontracting and Occupational Health and Safety in Australian Long-Haul Trucking », Employee Relations, 28 (3), p. 212-229 (doi :10.1108/01425450610661216).
- Messing, Karen. (2016) Les souffrances invisibles : Pour une science du travail à l’écoute des gens (Marianne Champagne, Trans.), Montréal : Les Éditions Écosociété.
- Messing, Karen. (2014) Pain and Prejudice : What Science Can Learn about Work from the People Who Do It, Toronto : Between the Lines.
- Michaels, David. (2008) Doubt is their Product- How Industry’s Assault on Science Threatens Your Health, New York : Oxford University Press.
- Nichols, Theo et David Walters. (2013) Safety or Profit? International Studies in Governance, Change and the Work Environment, Amityville, NY : Baywood Publishing.
- Quinlan, Michael. (2015) The Effects of Non-Standard Forms of Employment on Worker Health and Safety. Consulté à Genève : http://www.ilo.org/travail/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_443266/lang--en/index.htm.
- Quinlan, Michael, Katherine Lippel, Richard Johnstone et David Walters. (2015) « Governance, Change and the Work Environment », Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 13 (2), p. 1-5.
- Quinlan, Michael, Claire Mayhew et Philip Bohle. (2001) « The Global Expansion of Precarious Employment, Work Disorganization, and Consequences for Occupational Health : A Review of Recent Research », International Journal of Health Services, 31 (2), p. 335-414.
- Roseman, Sharon R., Pauline Gardiner Barber et Barbara Neis. (2015) « Towards a Feminist Political Economy Framework for Analyzing Employment-Related Geographical Mobility ». Studies in Political Economy, 95 (print.), p. 175-203.
- Salami, Bukola, Salima Meherali et Azeez Salami. (2016) « The Health of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada : A Scoping Review », Canadian Journal of Public Health, 106 (8), p. 546-554 (doi :10.17269/CJPH.106.5182).
- Sargeant, Malcolm et Eric Tucker. (2009) « Layers of Vulnerability in Occupational Safety and Health for Migrant Workers : Case Studies from Canada and the UK », Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 7 (2), p. 51-73.
- Smith, Peter M., Ron Saunders, Marni Lifshen, Ollie Black, Morgan Lay, Curtis F. Breslin et Emile Tompa. (2015) « The Development of a Conceptual Model and Self-Reported Measure of Occupational Health and Safety Vulnerability », Accident Analysis and Prevention, 82, p. 234-243 (doi :http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.06.004).
- Temple Newhook, Julia, Barbara Neis, Lois Jackson, Sharon R. Roseman, Paula Romanow et Chrissy Vincent. (2011) « Employment-Related Mobility and the Health of Workers, Families, and Communities : The Canadian Context », Labour/Le Travail, 67 (print.), p. 121-156.
- Thébaud-Mony, Annie. (2014) La Science Asservie. Santé publique : Les collusions mortifères entre industriels et chercheurs, Paris : Éditions La Découverte.
- Underhill, Elsa et Michael Quinlan. (2011) « How Precarious Employment Affects Health and Safety at Work : The Case of Temporary Agency Workers », Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations, 66 (3), p. 397-421.
- Vosko, Leah F. (2010) Managing The Margins - Gender, Citizenship, and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment, New York : Oxford University Press.
- Walters, David et Nicholas Bailey. (2013) Lives in Peril, Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan.
- Walters, David, Richard Johnstone, Kaj Frick, Michael Quinlan, Geneviève Baril-Gingras et Annie Thébaud-Mony. (2011) Regulating Workplace Risks : A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change, Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar.
- Walters, David et Emma Wadsworth. (2016) Worker Participation in the Management of Occupational Safety and Health : Qualitative Evidence from the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2). Consulté à Luxembourg : https://osha.europa.eu/fr/tools-and-publications/publications/worker-participation-management-occupational-safety-and-health/view.
- Weil, David. (2014) The Fissured Workplace : Why Work Became so Bad for so Many and What Can be Done to Improve it, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press.
Appendices
References
- Askenazi, Philippe, Damien Cartron, Frédéric de Coninck and Michel Gollac. (2006) Organisation et intensité du travail, Toulouse, France: Octares Éditions.
- Baril-Gingras, Geneviève. (2013) “La production sociale de la santé et de la sécurité du travail”. In Sylvie Montreuil, Pierre-Sébastien Fournier and Geneviève Baril-Gingras (Eds.), L’intervention en santé et en sécurité du travail : pour agir en prévention dans les milieux de travail, Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, p. 23-110.
- Benach, Joan, Alexandra Vives, Marcelo Amable, Christophe Vanroelen, Gemma Tarafa and Carles Muntaner. (2014) “Precarious Employment: Understanding an Emerging Social Determinant of Health”. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, p. 229-253 (doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182500).
- Browne, R.C. (1973) “Safety and Health at Work: The Robens Report”. British Journal of Industrial Medicine, 30 (1), p. 87-94.
- Cloutier, Esther, Katherine Lippel, Noël Bouliane and Jean-François Boivin. (2011) “Description des conditions de travail et d’emploi au Québec”. In Michel Vézina, Esther Cloutier, Susan Stock, Katherine Lippel, Éric Fortin, Alain Delisle, Marie St-Vincent, Amélie Funès, Patrice Duguay, Samuel Vézina, and Pascale Prud’homme (Eds.), Enquête québécoise sur des conditions de travail, d’emploi, et de santé et de sécurité du travail (EQCOTESST), Montréal: Institut de recherche Robert Sauvé en santé et sécurité du travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Institut de la Statistique du Québec, p. 59-158.
- Cox, Rachel and Katherine Lippel. (2008) “Falling Through the Legal Cracks: The Pitfalls of Using Workers’ Compensation Data as Indicators of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses”. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 6 (2), p. 9-30.
- Di Ruggiero, Erica , Joanna E. Cohen, Donald C.Cole and Lisa Forman. (2015) “Public Health Agenda Setting in a Global Context: The International Labor Organization’s Decent Work Agenda”. American Journal of Public Health, 105 (4), p. e58-e61 (doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302455).
- Eurofound. (2016) First Findings: Sixth European Working Conditions Survey, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, p. 1-8.
- Gravel, Sylvie and Stéphanie Premji. (2014) “Travailleurs migrants : une histoire sans fin de cumul des précarités de statut, d’emploi et de conditions de santé et de sécurité au travail”. Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 16 (2), p. 1-5.
- Hu, Nien-Chih, Jong-Dar Chen and Tsun-JenCheng. (2016) “The Associations between Long Working Hours, Physical Inactivity and Burnout”. Journal of Occupational and Enviromental Medicine, 58 (5), p. 514-518 (doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000715).
- Ison, Terence George. (1998) “Workers’ Compensation Systems”. In Jeane Mager Stellman (Ed.), Encylopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety , 4 ed., Vol. 1, Geneva: ILO.
- Johnstone, Richard. (2011) “Dismantling Worker Categories: The Primary Duty of Care, and Worker Consultation, Participation and Representation in the Model Work Health and Safety Bill 2009”. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 9 (2), p. 91-108.
- Johnstone, Richard and Andrew Stewart. (2015) “Swimming against the Tide: Australian Labor Regulation and the Fissured Workplace”. Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 37, p. 55-90.
- Kivimäki, Mika, Markus Jokela, Solja T. Nyberg, Archana Singh-Manoux, Eleonor I. Fransson, Lars Alfredsson, …, and Marianna Virtanen. (2015) " Long Working Hours and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies and Unpublished Individual Participant Data for 603838 Individuals ". The Lancet, 386, October 31st, p. 1739-1746.
- Laflamme, Anne-Marie. (2015) “Changing Work Relationships and the Protection of Workers under Quebec and Australian Occupational Health and Safety Law”. Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 19 (1), p. 223-253.
- Lewchuk, Wayne, Michelynn Laflèche, Stephanie Procyk, Charlene Cook, Diane Dyson, Luin Goldring, Karen Lior, Alan Meisner, John Shields, Anthony Tambureno, and Peter Viducis. (2015) The Precarity Penalty : The Impact of Employment Precarity on Individuals, Households and Communitiesand What to Do About it. Retrieved from http://www.unitedwaytyr.com/document.doc?id=307.
- Lippel, Katherine. (2012) “Preserving Workers’ Dignity in Workers’ Compensation Systems: An International Perspective”. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 55 (6), p. 519-536 (doi:10.1002/ajim.22022).
- Lippel, Katherine. (2016) “L’avenir du droit de la santé et de la sécurité du travail dans le contexte de la mondialisation”. Ottawa Law Review/Revue de droit d’Ottawa, 47 (2), p. 535-556.
- Lippel, Katherine and Anne-Marie Laflamme. (2011) “Les droits et responsabilités des employeurs et des travailleurs dans un contexte de sous-traitance: enjeux pour la prévention, l’indemnisation et le retour au travail”. In Service de la formation continue du Barreau du Québec (Ed.), Développements récents en droit de la santé et sécurité au travail, vol. 334, Cowansville: Éditions Yvon Blais, p. 267-360.
- Lippel, Katherine and Karen Messing. (2013) “A Gender Perspective on Work, Regulation and their Effects on Women’s Health, Safety and Well-Being”. In Theo Nichols and David Walters (Eds.), Safety or Profit? International Studies in Governance, Change and the Work Environment, Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing, p. 33-48.
- Lippel, Katherine and David Walters. (2014) Employment-Related Geographic Mobility and Occupational Health and Safety Policy (Draft Report).
- MacEachen, Ellen, Katherine Lippel, Ron Saunders, Agnieszka Kosny, Liz Mansfield, Christine Carrasco and Diana Pugliese. (2012) “Workers’ Compensation Experience-Rating Rules and the Danger to Workers’ Safety in the Temporary Work Agency Sector”. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 10 (1), p. 77-95.
- Mayhew, Claire and Michael Quinlan. (2006) “Economic Pressure, Multi-Tiered Subcontracting and Occupational Health and Safety in Australian Long-Haul Trucking”. Employee Relations, 28 (3), p. 212-229 (doi:10.1108/01425450610661216).
- Messing, Karen. (2016) Les souffrances invisibles: Pour une science du travail à l’écoute des gens (Marianne Champagne, Trans.), Montréal: Les Éditions Écosociété.
- Messing, Karen. (2014) Pain and Prejudice: What Science Can Learn about Work from the People Who Do It, Toronto: Between the Lines.
- Michaels, David. (2008) Doubt is their Product- How Industry’s Assault on Science Threatens Your Health, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Nichols, Theo and David Walters. (2013) Safety or Profit? International Studies in Governance, Change and the Work Environment, Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing.
- Quinlan, Michael. (2015) The Effects of Non-Standard Forms of Employment on Worker Health and Safety. Retrieved from Geneva: http://www.ilo.org/travail/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_443266/lang--en/index.htm.
- Quinlan, Michael, Katherine Lippel, Richard Johnstone and David Walters. (2015) “Governance, Change and the Work Environment”. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 13 (2), p. 1-5.
- Quinlan, Michael, Claire Mayhew and Philip Bohle. (2001) “The Global Expansion of Precarious Employment, Work Disorganization, and Consequences for Occupational Health: A Review of Recent Research”. International Journal of Health Services, 31 (2), p. 335-414.
- Roseman, Sharon R., Pauline Gardiner Barber and Barbara Neis. (2015) “Towards a Feminist Political Economy Framework for Analyzing Employment-Related Geographical Mobility”. Studies in Political Economy, 95 (Spring), p. 175-203.
- Salami, Bukola, Salima Meherali and Azeez Salami. (2016) “The Health of Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: A Scoping Review”. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 106 (8), p. 546-554 (doi:10.17269/CJPH.106.5182).
- Sargeant, Malcolm and Eric Tucker. (2009) “Layers of Vulnerability in Occupational Safety and Health for Migrant Workers: Case Studies from Canada and the UK”. Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, 7 (2), p. 51-73.
- Smith, Peter M., Ron Saunders, Marni Lifshen, Ollie Black, Morgan Lay, Curtis F. Breslin and Emile Tompa. (2015) “The Development of a Conceptual Model and Self-Reported Measure of Occupational Health and Safety Vulnerability”. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 82, p. 234-243 (doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.06.004).
- Temple Newhook, Julia, Barbara Neis, Lois Jackson, Sharon R. Roseman, Paula Romanow and Chrissy Vincent. (2011) “Employment-Related Mobility and the Health of Workers, Families, and Communities: The Canadian Context”. Labour/Le Travail, 67 (Spring 2011), p. 121-156.
- Thébaud-Mony, Annie. (2014) La Science Asservie. Santé publique: Les collusions mortifères entre industriels et chercheurs, Paris: Éditions La Découverte.
- Underhill, Elsa and Michael Quinlan. (2011) “How Precarious Employment Affects Health and Safety at Work: The Case of Temporary Agency Workers”. Relations industrielles/Industrial Relations, 66 (3), p. 397-421.
- Vosko, Leah F. (2010) Managing The Margins - Gender, Citizenship, and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Walters, David and Nicholas Bailey. (2013) Lives in Peril, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Walters, David, Richard Johnstone, Kaj Frick, Michael Quinlan, Geneviève Baril-Gingras and Annie Thébaud-Mony. (2011) Regulating Workplace Risks: A Comparative Study of Inspection Regimes in Times of Change, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
- Walters, David and Emma Wadsworth. (2016) Worker Participation in the Management of Occupational Safety and Health: Qualitative Evidence from the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2). Retrieved from Luxembourg: https://osha.europa.eu/fr/tools-and-publications/publications/worker-participation-management-occupational-safety-and-health/view.
- Weil, David. (2014) The Fissured Workplace: Why Work Became so Bad for so Many and What Can be Done to Improve it, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.