Abstracts
Résumé
Dans la foulée des préoccupations concernant les taux d’abandon et le manque d’interactions dans les formations ouvertes et à distance, nous avons expérimenté une forme d’encadrement collectif de type « un à plusieurs » à l’aide de rencontres par visioconférence Web, suivant une méthodologie de type « design-based experiment ». Trois établissements de formation à distance de niveau postsecondaire participent à l’expérience depuis quelques sessions. Les données quantitatives (questionnaires et traces laissées dans les logiciels) et qualitatives (entrevues) révèlent que la participation aux visioconférences, bien que de plus en plus importante d’une itération à l’autre, est plus importante dans le modèle autorythmé de la TÉLUQ. La visioconférence Web permet de véhiculer la présence transactionnelle du tuteur, celle-ci étant davantage orientée vers l’aspect du soutien cognitif à la FEP et vers les aspects relationnels à la TÉLUQ. En ce qui concerne la perception de la valeur des visioconférences, l’aspect de l’intérêt des visioconférences ressort plus nettement que celui de l’utilité. Les perceptions développées par les étudiants semblent liées à la manière dont les tuteurs ont mené les visioconférences, mais possiblement aussi à des besoins relationnels et à des besoins de soutien cognitif plus importants dans le modèle autorythmé.
Mots-clés :
- Formations ouvertes et à distance,
- visioconférence Web,
- présence transactionnelle,
- valeur,
- design-based research,
- modèle autorythmé,
- modèle par cohorte
Abstract
In the context of concerns over the high attrition rates in distance education, we experimented a particular form of student support activities relying on one to many communication based on Web conferences led by tutors. Three postsecondary institutions collaborated in this research. Quantitative (questionnaires and traces) and qualitative data (interviews) were collected and show that participation has grown and reached its peak at TÉLUQ’s iteration. In all three cases perceived value of these activities as well as tutors transactional presence perception were positive. Interest in Web conferencing was stronger than perceived usefulness. Cognitive aspects of tutors transactional presence were stronger at Université de Montréal while relational aspects were stronger at TÉLUQ. These perceptions seem linked to the fashion in which Web conferences were led by different tutors, but they may also depend on particular cognitive and/or relational needs of students in the self-paced model of TÉLUQ.
Keywords:
- Distance education,
- Web conferencing,
- transactional presence,
- value,
- design-based research,
- self-paced model,
- cohort model
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Appendices
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