Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article a pour objet la mise en lumière d’un cadre conceptuel encore trop méconnu pour aider le clinicien à repérer les jeunes enfants victimes de traumatismes psychologiques: le jeu post-traumatique. D’autres cadres théoriques (p. ex., le trauma complexe, un État de stress post-traumatique) peuvent permettre par observation indirecte, d’identifier les perturbations comportementales et développementales des enfants victimes de traumatisme. Mais, c’est l’observation directe, soit l’expression du trauma dans le jeu, qui permet de comprendre l’expérience subjective du jeune enfant victime d’évènements et situations traumatiques. Il a, en effet, été démontré que les enfants traumatisés jouent différemment de leurs pairs non traumatisés. Le jeu post-traumatique est le langage codé de l’enfant, une manière adaptée à son stade développemental de communiquer et possiblement de demander de l’assistance. Cet article propose de documenter ces signes cliniques répertoriés dans les écrits scientifiques.
Mots-clés :
- trauma complexe,
- jeu post-traumatique,
- jeunes enfants
Abstract
The present article seeks to shed light on a certain conceptual framework that is not yet recognized enough and that aims to help clinicians detect those children who are victims of psychological trauma: the framework is that of observing them in posttraumatic play. Other theoretical constructs (complex trauma, PTSD) are already available to identify posttraumatic symptoms or their after effects. However, it is by direct observation of the child at play that we can truly understand the child’s subjective experience of what may have been exposure to potentially traumatic events. It has in fact been determined that children who have experienced trauma play differently than their peers who have not. Posttraumatic play is a kind of ‘code’ used by the child, a way to communicate and possibly ask for assistance that is well adapted to his/her developmental level. This article proposes to document these clinical signs from the scientific literature.
Keywords:
- complex trauma,
- young children,
- posttraumatic play
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Appendices
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