Abstracts
Résumé
L’évaluation de la qualité de l’eau potable d’un réseau de distribution est souvent faite en tenant compte des normes physico-chimiques et microbiologiques édictées par les réglementations nationales. L’approche par barrières multiples permet aussi d’assurer aux consommateurs une eau avec une sécurité sanitaire optimale. Cependant, malgré les sommes investies par les municipalités pour se conformer à ces normes, les consommateurs renoncent fréquemment à consommer l’eau du robinet.
Ce refus peut être attribué, entre autres, à la qualité organoleptique (goût, odeur) de l’eau distribuée par les réseaux d’aqueduc. Toutefois, cet aspect est peu pris en compte par les législations actuelles et, conséquemment, est peu considéré par les gestionnaires des réseaux d’eau potable. De plus, les méthodes utilisées pour évaluer les molécules responsables des goûts et des odeurs de l’eau distribuée exigent de l’équipement spécialisé et coûteux. Cet article présente une revue de la problématique des composés responsables des goûts et des odeurs. Les aspects concernant les origines de ces composés, les méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives développées jusqu’à présent pour les analyser et la faisabilité d’application desdites méthodes, selon leurs avantages et leurs limites, seront abordés.
Mots-clés :
- Goûts,
- odeurs,
- eau potable,
- algues,
- méthodes d’analyses
Abstract
The assessment of drinking water quality in a distribution system is generally based on physicochemical and microbiological standards set by government regulations. Although municipalities often invest considerable amounts to comply with regulations, an increasing proportion of citizens prefer alternatives to tap water. This situation may be in part explained by the organoleptic quality of distributed water in municipal systems and, in particular, by taste and odours. However, taste and odours are rarely considered as water quality criteria by municipal water managers. Moreover, analytical methods used to analyze molecules related to taste and odours in drinking water require specialized and costly equipment. This article presents the state of the art in terms of taste and odour issues in the drinking water area. The paper focuses on the origins of taste and odours and on the methods (qualitative and quantitative) available for the analysis of the compounds from which they originate. The feasibility of applying these methods to water quality surveillance is discussed, along with their advantages and drawbacks.
Keywords:
- Taste,
- odours,
- drinking water,
- algae,
- analytical methods
Appendices
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