Abstracts
Abstract
In coastal and estuarine environments, trace elements trapped in sediments can be released back into the water column if resuspended during tides or floods. This is how this work is carried out to determine the mobility of trace elements when these phenomena occur on Senegalese coasts subjected to high energy tides. Sequential extraction carried out according to the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) was used to determine the mobilizable fraction of trace elements in sediments. Subsequently, laboratory sediment resuspension experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of sediments to release trace elements into the water in order to better understand the natural effect of resuspension during tidal cycles and water movement on the coast. The release of elements into the water was monitored over a 24 h period along with redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen and pH. Bioavailability percentages of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn showed a strong affinity with the acid soluble fraction, suggesting easy mobility of these elements. The results of the kinetic monitoring tests of the release of trace elements in water show that during the first minutes, desorption is very important with peaks that can reach 90‰ depending on the element that could potentially cause acute effects on aquatic organisms. However, the bioavailability of trace elements in contaminated sediments only influences mobility at the beginning of resuspension. Remobilization tests would therefore provide an indication of the ability of sediments to release trace elements during rapid changes in the physico-chemical conditions of the aquatic environment.
Key words:
- trace elements,
- water column,
- sediment,
- mobility,
- bioavailability,
- Senegal
Résumé
Dans les milieux côtiers et estuariens, les éléments traces piégés dans les sédiments peuvent être relargués dans la colonne d'eau en cas de remise en suspension lors de marées ou de crues. C'est ainsi que ce travail est réalisé pour déterminer la mobilité des éléments traces lorsque ces phénomènes se produisent sur les côtes sénégalaises soumises à des marées de forte énergie. L'extraction séquentielle réalisée selon la procédure du Bureau communautaire de référence (BCR) européen a été utilisée pour déterminer la fraction mobilisable des éléments traces dans les sédiments. Ensuite, des expériences en laboratoire de remise en suspension des sédiments ont été réalisées afin d'évaluer leur capacité à libérer des éléments traces dans l'eau dans le but de mieux comprendre l'effet naturel de la remise en suspension pendant les cycles de marée et de mouvement de l'eau sur la côte. La libération d’éléments dans l’eau a été suivie sur une période de 24 h, ainsi que le potentiel redox (Eh), l'oxygène dissous et le pH. Les pourcentages de biodisponibilité du Cd, Ni, Pb et Zn ont montré une forte affinité avec la fraction soluble dans l'acide, suggérant une mobilité facile de ces éléments. Les résultats des tests de suivi cinétique de la libération d’éléments traces dans l'eau montrent que pendant les premières minutes, la désorption est très importante avec des pics qui peuvent atteindre 90 ‰ selon l'élément, ce qui peut potentiellement provoquer des effets aigus sur les organismes aquatiques. Toutefois, la biodisponibilité des éléments traces dans les sédiments contaminés n'influence la mobilité qu'au début de la remise en suspension. Les tests de remobilisation seraient donc une indication de la capacité des sédiments à libérer des éléments traces lors d'un changement rapide des conditions physicochimiques du milieu aquatique.
Mots-clés:
- éléments traces,
- colonne d’eau,
- sédiment,
- mobilité,
- biodisponibilité,
- Sénégal
Appendices
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