Abstracts
Abstract
The debate on what cultural translation as an analytical and political tool can offer has sparked much discussion in translation studies as well as in the fields of anthropology, literature, and cultural studies. To a lesser degree, some museum studies scholars have likewise evoked the notion of translation to address the ethics of representing culture in and across differences. This article expands on these discussions by evaluating whether a translational lens can serve to rethink the display of African material culture in museums. Through an analysis of the textual, spatial, and visual elements of the permanent African exhibition at the Musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac (MQB) in Paris, France, I argue that though the MQB claims that it seeks to foster cultural dialogue, the “translations” of its African collection tend to reproduce the museum’s norms of meaning-making, rather than the norms of the non-European cultures it presents. However, I also suggest that by approaching its task as one of multimodal translation, the MQB could reshape its museographic language to reflect ways of making meaning that are more evenly in dialogue with ways of making meaning from the objects’ contexts of origin.
Keywords:
- cultural translation,
- Musée du quai Branly,
- African art,
- ethnography exhibitions,
- intermedial translation
Résumé
L’usage de la « traduction culturelle » comme grille d’analyse suscite de nombreux débats, tant en traductologie que dans le champ de l’anthropologie, des études littéraires et des études culturelles. De même, si la traduction est moins souvent étudiée en muséologie, certaines études qui s’efforcent de penser la représentation culturelle et la différence culturelle à travers une éthique fondée sur la traduction. Ainsi le présent article enrichit-il les recherches actuelles afin de déterminer si la métaphore de la traduction culturelle permet de repenser l’exposition de la culture matérielle africaine. S’appuyant sur une analyse du langage textuel, spatial et visuel de la partie africaine de l’exposition permanente du Musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac (MQB) à Paris, cet article montre que dans sa présentation des oeuvres, le MQB favorise les normes épistémologiques propres à la muséologie occidentale en occultant celles des cultures d’origine. Néanmoins, l’étude suggère qu’en visant une traduction multimodale, le MQB serait à même de transformer son langage muséographique afin d’ouvrir pour les visiteurs, dans le rapport des objets exposés à l’espace muséal, l’accès à des enjeux épistémologiques équivalents à ceux dont ils étaient chargés dans leur contexte d’origine.
Mots-clés :
- traduction culturelle,
- Musée du quai Branly,
- arts africains,
- expositions ethnographiques,
- traduction intermodale
Appendices
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