Documents found
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2501.More information
Our study provides an overview of consumer protection law regarding durability of goods with a focus on Quebec as the jurisdiction of choice. The aim of our study was to identify indicators of programmed obsolescence using cases which identify Quebec's CPA provisions on durability as directly applicable. We first provide an overview of the emergence of the durability provision in the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and the particular focus given to automobiles at the time of the law's development. After reviewing the emergence of the durability provision in the CPA, we provide an overview of the interplay between the durability provisions, art 37 and 38 of the CPA, and the applicable common law provisions of the CCQ such as art 1726. We then review art 37 and 38 in the modern context such as recent jurisprudence, and also contrast the way art. 38 plays out in court, with the attitudes and behaviours exhibited by consumers looking to vindicate their rights with respect to the expected lifespan of their goods. The last portion of our study is empirical in nature. We identified 1216 small claims cases in the jurisdiction of Quebec which directly apply art 38 of the CPA. Our case reviewers collected data for several variables common to each case. This information was used to identify common points of failure among objects which appeared frequently in our database. In some cases, this data was then compared to class action cases to further confirm a repeated problem. We also identified comments by the judiciary used to make a judgement as to the appropriate lifespan of common goods. Overall, our study was limited by several factors related to the nature of small claims cases. We conclude our study by placing it in the global context and comparing with initiatives which aim to arm consumers with knowledge on the durability of their goods, and leave the notion of programmed obsolescence in the past.
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2502.More information
If there are few formal differences between the analog and the digital, when interactivity and other dynamics of the digital text are added, fundamental structural differences occur. Putting the electronic document on the screen augments human reading, according to the McLuhanesque notion of extention, but the potential of the digital edition doesn’t stop there. In digitizing the poetry of Mallarmé, as in the Mallarmé Hypertext project, one finds potential in the encounter between the text and the mark-up. From there, it is possible to reinvent the text by finding new conceptual models of Mallarméean textuality. However, the mediality in Mallarmé highlights the limits of the digital apparatus, and hypermedial reading necessitates a hybrid perspective. The goal is to find new models whilst discerning the limits of these models, in order to see what it means to read in the singularity of the technological.
Keywords: intermédialité, Mallarmé, numérisation, mise en page, internet, hyperlien
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2508.More information
We present a method of quantitative and automatic screening of heteromorphic segments in corpora of aligned translations that streamlines the qualitative and manual search for informational translation shifts. The latter provide data on translation as a result that serve to characterize the textual and linguistic idiosyncrasies of the languages in contact and also provide information on the individual biases of the subject translating as well as the cultural biases inherent in the translation operation for the languages-cultures in contact. To show how the tracking method works, we apply it to a bilingual corpus of translations aligned with their source segment. The corpus contains a speech by American President John F. Kennedy (1961) and a speech by British Prime Minister Theresa May (2017) that have been translated into French. For automatic screening of heteromorphic segments, the LWA (lexical word accuracy) algorithm automatically analyzes all source and target segment pairs and compares the number of lexical words in the source and target segments to calculate the translated information accuracy ratio (TIA). Subsequently, the heteromorphic segments screened using the TIA ratio are analyzed manually to determine the origin or cause of the variation in the translation's informational content and to define the shifts it causes, if any. The method has the advantage of rationalizing the search for translation shifts in negative and positive heteromorphic segments of translated texts in a parallel corpus since it allows targeting and screening of heteromorphic segment pairs that are most likely to contain informational translation shifts.
Keywords: segment hétéromorphe, mot lexical, ratio PIT, décalage informationnel de traduction, corpus parallèle de traductions alignées, heteromorphic segment, lexical word, TIA ratio, informational translation shift, parallel bilingual corpus
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2510.More information
Professors in Quebec universities are generally committed to their work. However, from 20 to 25% of them revealed having experienced psychological problems related to their work conditions. How can we identify the factors in a professional career that enhance or compromise mental health and commitment? How can we prevent mental health problems or cure them? To answer these questions and gain access to the experiences behind the available statistics, interviews were conducted with 18 groups of faculty members who accepted to lift the veil on their situations. The article presents a portion of the data emerging from this study, paying particular attention to research and its excesses. Fatigue, disillusion, and distress were experienced when the researchers had to conform to a single performance model and to the senseless productivity demands that are imposed on them.
Keywords: stress professionnel, détresse psychologique, université, corps professoral, évaluation de la recherche, occupational stress, psychological distress, university academic staff, research evaluation, estrés laboral, angustia psicológica, universidad, cuerpo profesoral, evaluación de la investigación