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AbstractIn the context of globalization where the transnational and international migrations are considered as a geopolitical and geoeconomic mobility, the contribution of the Africans of the Diaspora can take a very particular meaning for Africa in its development. This text proposes a reflection on the nature of this meaning, in the North-South relations.
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The existing literature on the theme of diasporas is quite abundant today, and it challenges the very way in which this notion has been traditionally defined. Accompanying the accelerated development of migratory movements that take place together with forms of economic globalisation, this literature put forward a set of redefinitions concerning diasporic communities, by underlining difficult questions of the formation, transformation, and preservation of cultural identity. It equally challenges the place and role of politics in this context by bringing into play the relationship between territory and community.
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In recent years, research in international communication has undergone some evolution that makes it a less focused field of communication for development and more exploded, dealing with several objects (media coverage, information technology and communication cultural diversity, etc.) and different geographical areas. The study of diasporic media online is part of these new research perspectives that researchers in international communication must explore. The present study aims to identify the motivations and analyzes the strategies used by these online diasporic media to influence the treatment of information on the African continent. A qualitative methodological approach based on semi-structured interviews allowed us to obtain interesting data on the will of some members of the African diaspora to have online media that can participate, through their content, to promote a new perspective on the socio-political news of the continent. This desire responds more specifically to a lack of transparency in the dissemination of socio-political information related to their geographical sphere of origin.
Keywords: Afrique, diasporas, médias numériques, espace public, communication internationale, Africa, diasporas, digital media, public space, international communication
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Dans ce mémoire, il est question des enjeux et des problèmes liés aux initiatives entreprises par des organismes ou associations africains envers leur pays d'origine. Le champ d'étude de l'immigration est large, englobant aussi bien une réflexion sur des questions liées aux problèmes économiques des pays dits du Sud et de la mobilité des individus, qu'à l'intégration ou à l'assimilation (selon les formes politiques) des populations immigrées dans les pays dits du Nord, à leur installation, ou encore au transnationalisme. Nous nous sommes proposés de nous intéresser aux diasporas, notamment africaines et de questionner les motivations et l'implication de ses membres, non individuellement, mais à travers leurs projets visant à améliorer les conditions de vie au sein de leurs pays d'origine. Il s'agit donc de …
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Localization and translation for languages of sub-Saharan Africa are done within a double set of linguistic and sociolinguistic constraints, and they face two often conflicting trends, on the one hand globalization, and on the other hand the declared policies of promotion of language diversity. I will focus on the area of information technologies, which are both the tools for localization and translation in African languages and the means for developing them. I will present the problems encountered in translation and localization activities, and how these activities develop in the present context. I will review the presence of African languages in digital environments and propose an analysis of the dynamics of translation in which processes and practices interact along two axes, facilitation and complexification.
Keywords: Afrique sub-saharienne, localisation, ingénierie linguistique, langues et développement, sub-Saharan Africa, localization, language engineering, languages and development
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The art of dance places the "dancing body," alive and vibrant, in relation and in dialogue in/with/by/for the environment. African-inspired dance, or Afro dance, participates in the construction of self, the Other, knowledge, the environment and the world, while being an ode to death and birth, to drought and rain, to cultivation and the harvest, to suffering and joy, to slavery and liberation, to hostility and love. The percussions impart to the dancing body a rhythmic presence in the world and synchronise it with the other living beings. There is, therefore, a need to focus on the dancing body's relationship with the environment, and especially with regard to Afro dances. This article is centered on the links between dance and the environment. The aim is to explore the relationship to the environment with Afro dance, in their corporeality, theatricality, historicity and “mondialité” (according to Edouard Glissant’s concept of “mondialité”).
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Les défaillances économiques, sécuritaires, politiques et sociales des pays africains contribuent à alimenter l’exode de leurs populations. Ces derniers émigrent vers des lieux supposés offrir de meilleures conditions de vie. Dans cette quête du mieux-être et du mieux vivre, ce sont les pays du Nord qui constituent les destinations privilégiées par les migrants africains. Pour les pays africains et pour les institutions internationales, l’émigration n’est plus synonyme d’une « fuite des cerveaux ». En effet, les importants transferts financiers des migrants font qu’ils seraient devenus des acteurs de développement pour l’Afrique. De ce fait, les caractéristiques économiques des diasporas africaines sont à outrance mise en avant-scène, éclipsant du coup leurs autres contributions. Nous avons voulu par cette étude montrer que d’autres aspects des diasporas africaines …
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AbstractBased on several years of fieldwork, this article analyzes the awakening of ethnicity in Europe through the historical case of The Church of Pentecost of Ghana, an “indigenous” and transnational Church. The Church of Pentecost, now established in fifteen European countries, encompasses a community primarily made up of Ghanaian migrants. Unlike the case in the colonial period, which saw the evangelization of Africans and the training of “Black pastors”, the Church of Pentecost is now moving into the evangelization and “rechristianisation” of White Europeans. What role, then, does the Church play in these communities of migrants, and what is their response to a context of tension between the need for identity and the need to integrate socially to European societies?
Keywords: pentecôtisme, ethnicité, Ashanti, Europe, migration, migrants ghanéens, Pentecostalism, ethnicity, Asante, Europe, migration, Ghanaian migrants
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Drawing on the concept of networks, this article investigates the rise of African languages in today's global literary landscape. Contrary to Albert Memmi's belief in his 1957 Portrait du colonisé, idiomatic African works have spread transnationally instead of within national boundaries. This article focuses on the expected linkage between a language – be it indigenous, native, local or national – and an area to prove just how strongly conducive to geographic dissemination this proximity can be.
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International management remains a major concern in business research in Africa. This special issue looks at the impact of international management research on management practices in Africa and the contributions of Africa to international management research. The continent is indeed engaged in management knowledge creation, particularly in international management. This special issue debates four perspectives: Specificities of international managerial practices in African contexts; actors' strategies and managerial styles of international firms in Africa; management in African contexts as an opportunity to renew the international management area; and international management in Africa vis-à-vis and its contribution to address continent's development challenges.
Keywords: management international, création de la connaissance, développement, Afrique, International management, knowledge creation, development, Africa, gestión internacional, creación de conocimiento, desarrollo, África
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This essay examines cyclical rhythmic structures drawn from several musical traditions rooted in the African diaspora, focusing on “diatonic rhythms” and on what saxophonist and composer Steve Coleman coined “nested looping structures.” Such rhythmic structures can be regarded not only as retentions of African musical and cultural heritage, but also as a model to understand threads of continuity that exist between many of the disparate musics and cultures that have shared African roots, but radically altered by the passage of time, cross-cultural contact and musical hybridity. Furthermore, the author argues that diatonic rhythms and nested looping structures can provide a means of actively articulating connections between different diasporic musical traditions as evidenced by some of Steve Coleman's musical collaborations, including his pioneering work from the mid-1990s with Metrics.
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Ce mémoire explore les notions de race et d’identité féminine à travers le récit afro-futuriste Wild Seed d’Octavia Butler. Décrit comme le nouveau genre de la ‘fiction spéculative’ par les théoriciens universitaires, l’afro-futurisme joint le spéculatif au réalisme afin d’explorer les conjonctions entre les diasporas africaines, l’écriture africaine américaine et les technologies modernes. Cette thèse propose une analyse critique et théorique du roman Wild Seed d’Octavia Butler, en se concentrant particulièrement sur ses divers concepts et ses allégories historiques. Plutôt que d’ignorer le rôle que jouent les notions de race et d’identité dans la science-fiction, Butler les met en avant dans le roman Wild Seed et les questionne en adressant des sujets tels que l’après-colonisation, la tyrannie intime, l’hybridité, la différence, l’altérité, et l’identité. Dans …
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Creolization is the result of the situations of acculturation found in a number of societies formed by colonization and has given rise to some unusual socio-anthropological patterns, both in terms of tangible and intangible forms of production and in ways of living together. In these processes, food plays a major role in the construction and expression of identity. Food creolization refers to the ways in which cultural intersections have occurred in these societies and produced what is known locally as Creole cuisine ; these hybridizations continue even today with the most recent forms of globalization. More broadly, it refers to the identity processes crystallized in food, and how human beings in multicultural societies mark both their commonalities and their differences. In this contribution, we explore these issues in the context of Reunion Island, where creole food and cuisine symbolize the construction of a shared culture while the other cuisines sustain a dynamic of cultural differentiation and links to cultural origins.
Keywords: Tibère, alimentation, créolisation, migrations, vivre-ensemble, identité, Île de la Réunion, Tibère, Food, Creolization, Migrations, Living Together, Identity, Reunion Island, Tibère, alimentacion, criollizacion, migraciones, vivir juntos, identidades, Isla de La Réunion
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In Africa, where institutes for art education and production are few and far between, the notion of repertoire remains problematic. Theatrical repertoires are established by means other than paradigms designed by authorities in the field. Thus, post-independence theatre (1989-2015) shares what we call the poetics of fragmented memory. Writing of this kind involves the dislocation of dramatic categories in line with the ideological challenges of the authors of exile, heirs to cultural globalization. In consequence, we place these theatres within the dramatic repertoire of self-dispossession.
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AbstractThe development of transportation and mobility in Africa are interconnected. The migratory flow of Western Africans assumes a variety of forms and is currently benefiting from improvements to international transportation systems. As builders of nation territories, states are the first organizers of African mobility. Migrants, both individually and collectively, are also the makers, to varying degrees, of their own mobility. They contribute, in host, transit and native countries, to the way transportation systems function; at the same time, they reinforce the connection between custom and culture.
Keywords: Migration internationale, transport, ville, territoire, État, Afrique de l'Ouest, International migration, transportation, city, territory, nation, Western Africa
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Since the 70's, an institutional framework aiming at creating an area of free movement of people has been formulated mainly under the auspices of the Economic Community of West African States (ecowas). However, to date, very few studies have examined the recent dynamics of the regional management of migration in West Africa. This article therefore aims to fill this gap by analyzing these dynamics in the context of changes in relations between Europe and Africa regarding the immigration issue.
Keywords: politiques migratoires, intégration régionale, Afrique de l'Ouest, cedeao, migration policy, regional integration, West Africa, ecowas
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Taking DJ Arafat as a symbol of popular struggle, the text sheds light on the relationship between lived experiences, artistic productions and the deployment of a utopian imagination in contemporary Africa. Through the figure of the popular singer, the style and esthetics resonate as means of an emancipation project. Some symbols also involve negative values (consumerism, sexism, gaudiness, etc.) which are examined, neither for their own sake nor as a counter-utopia, but rather as a reflection of the pathologies of a society to which an alternative is proposed. The text is voluntarily fragmentary and sketches a few research lines for larger scale works that will enable African philosophy to accompany the silent struggles of those excluded from the social contract.
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Taking into account the International Decade for People of African Descent (2015–2024; ID-PAD) declared by the UN, and through media coverage in 2020 on a global scale of anti-black racist events, the author of this article has chosen to address “the educational success of African Canadians,” the theme of this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Education, by presenting Canada and Quebec as contexts of racialization, and not only as contexts of immigration. The contexts of racialization and, their corollary, eco-systemic, systematic and chronic racism constitute life paths made up of obstacles and ruptures related to the justice, development and recognition of people of African descent, the central themes of the ID-PAD. In Canada, including in French-speaking Quebec, the academic paths of PAD (African-Canadian people), from preschool to university, turn out to be real obstacles that lead them to stumble, to doubt, to fail. Paradoxically, their success is accompanied by self-doubt, self-shame, withdrawal into oneself, conformity to the hegemonic system, and acceptance of their own muzzling; the fight against systemic racism is, thus, often avoided for fear of the consequences. This is miseducation and institutional racism. In this context, how to approach the notion of “educational success” of PAD in Canada and in French-speaking Quebec? Based on critical racial theory, this article proposes a theoretical-conceptual reflection that principally concerns educational research by highlighting epistemological racism as a dimension of systemic racism at work in research and teaching.
Keywords: contexte de racialisation, Décennie internationale des personnes d’ascendance africaine (DI-PAA), méséducation, iceberg du racisme, racisme épistémologique, éducation émancipatoire, éducation transformatoire, context of racialization, International Decade for People of African Descent, miseducation, iceberg of racism, epistemological racism, emancipatory education, transformative education