Documents found
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1911.More information
This article addresses the association of historical thinking in the two recently published Quebec programs : the new national history program and the previous one. A critical reading is based on the six criteria presented by Martineau (1997) – the researcher first describing this association – to illustrate a lack of convergence between both of these documents. Three of those criteria suggest different meaning concerning the signification of the learning process, metacognition process and frequency. This lack of convergence suggests two problems, closely related, both of interpretation of those history programs and of conceptualization of historical thinking. These problems highlight the relevance of an analysis of these programs and a revision of the theoretical premises on which historical thinking is built.
Keywords: programmes d'histoire, enseignement de l'histoire, apprentissage de l'histoire, pensée historique, conceptualisation, history curriculum, history teaching, history learning, historical thinking, conceptualization, programas de historia, enseñanza de la historia, aprendizaje de la historia, pensamiento histórico, conceptualización
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1912.
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1913.
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1915.More information
AbstractThis paper presents a cross analysis of the experiences of four social scientists involved in a companion modelling approach. As part of a research project of the Institut Français de la Biodiversité, four multi-agent systems and two role-playing games were developed on Biosphere Reserves. The purpose of the project was to explore the effects of natural land cover change from previously open to closed ecosystem structures and in turn, how changes in local landscapes stimulate the emergence of new social expectations and environmental values. This contribution follows earlier work on the study of complex systems, which recognizes the inherent complexity and uncertainty of natural resource management and thus the need to overcome the unproductive cleavage between the social and natural sciences. This paper aims to provide a framework for participatory and policy relevant research. .The reflection centers first on the place of social siences in the approach, the roles played by the researchers in the different contexts and the difficulties encountered, and continues on the relationship between society and nature.
Keywords: Modélisation d'accompagnement, système multi-agents, gestion de l'environnement, friche, réserve de biosphère, companion modelling, multi-agent system, environmental management, fallow, biosphere reserve
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1916.More information
AbstractHow can scientists help institutions and local stakeholders be more involved in land use and territorial management processes? Decentralization of land use management is far from complete in Senegal and La Réunion Island. Despite exhaustive legislation, local populations remain little involved in the decisions that affect their land. This is partly due to the difficulties in understanding and managing the complexity of dynamic and interacting social and environmental systems. The Domino project aims at accompanying decision processes by proposing to stakeholders to build and explore scenarios of land use management. This experiment in participatory modelling, done on two contrasting sites, is built on complex partnership dynamics. In this paper we do a comparative analysis of difficulties raised by the involvement of partners in companion modelling. We conclude by discussing the need for quality process in action-research.
Keywords: montage de partenariat, démarche qualité, modèle, changement social, ComMod, interdisciplinarité, décentralisation, foncier, Sénégal, Réunion, partnership building, quality process, model, social change, ComMod, interdisciplinary, decentralization, land use, Senegal, Reunion Island
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1917.More information
This paper aims to characterize the wide range of research dealing with the governance issues in Integrated Coastal Zone management (ICZM) policies. The rationale of these policies is to apply sustainable development principles to coastal zones. We developed an analytical framework to describe theses researches from the questions addressed to the methods used for studying coastal zone governance. This framework was used to study research programs dealing with ICZM in France. Our results showed that the governance issues are dealt according two main directions. The first direction considers the governance as a tool to improve the efficiency of public policy. The second one refers to governance as an objective, which contributes to a democratization process. The research programs studied in this paper exhibit a focus on mobilisation, stakeholders' participation and negotiation processes. The challenge is then to scale up the approaches from local and empirical studies to more generic findings on ICZM implementation and enforcement.
Keywords: gouvernance territoriale, gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC), participation, territoire, littoral, politique publique, land-use governance, integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), participation, public policy, coastal zone
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1918.More information
The construction or the enlargement of an impacting facility can justify the resort to compensatory measures.Two main types can be analyzed: the ecological restoration that results from the implementation of national law or international conventions and are compulsory to obtain permits and authorizations (1), the community benefits more inclusive (2). The legitimacy of ecological compensation is a disputed and topical issue in the environmental ethics. As a matter of fact, this practice implies that man is able to recreate in the same way an ecosystem he destroyed. The community benefits are also contested, because they would be a way to silence the inhabitant in giving them economic compensation.However the renewal of compensation agreements and the involvement of new stakeholders in the previous phase of consultation compel us to revise the underlying ethical principles. This approach is more respectful of the sustainability guidelines. The compensation package takes also into account the features of the local and multidimensional system. The connections between nature and human beings take the way of cooperation to implement social and environmental justice.Yet some questions are not resolved: the interplay between geographical scales and the distribution/appropriation of power in the decision process.
Keywords: compensations socio-environnementales, développement durable, remédiation écologique, concertation, éthique environnementale, community benefits, ecological restoration, sustainability, participation, environmental ethics
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1919.
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1920.