Documents found
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631.More information
This article proposes a theoretical reflection on the articulation between teachers' conceptions of particular knowledge objects on the one hand, and their professional action about these objects on the other. We will illustrate our point through two studies carried out in France and in Quebec in the field of the teaching of socially acute questions (SAQs). The first study focuses on the link between the social representations (Abric, 1994) of sustainable development (SD) among future teachers of humanities and natural sciences and their practices with regard to education for sustainable development (ESD).The second study focuses on the relationship between a science teacher's knowledge about the natural sciences (NS) as an object of knowledge and as an object of instruction. In order to enrich our reflection, we present an original operationalization of the concept of teaching practices, whose different dimensions (finalized, technical, interactive, affective) are put in relation with the concepts of social representations and relationships to knowledges. This perspective and theoretical reflection allows us to identify crossings and tensions between beliefs and teaching practices with regard to the SAQs in reference to the transformative-sociocritical and transmissive-positivist approaches of ESD.
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632.More information
AbstractABSTRACTIdentity, Social, Alterity : Expérience and Anthropological Theory within Caring PracticesThis article puts forward an analysis of chosen versions of the postmodemist and critical trends in anthropology. Its main concem is to shift from the construction-deconstruction paradigm, to the Other's gaze. The analysis of caring practices in différent contexts is used as a reference and inspiration to construct such a perspective ; those practices open up a vision of the relation to the Other, which the anthropology of tomorrow could elaborate new paradigmatic forms from, reconciliating science and humanism.Mots clés : Saillant, gender, caring, postmodemism. critical anthropology, Québec, Brazil
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633.More information
AbstractThis article describes the work of the Revue internationale de filmologie with respect to psychology. As a rule, the journal was home to opposing tendencies tied to the quite apparent two-fold ascendancy, both philosophical and applied, of psychology in France in the 1940s to 1960s. The former led to introspective speculation, the other to tests and measurements deriving first from behaviourism and later from the theory of communication. A striving for interdisciplinarity, difficult to achieve in practice, also led psychologists to see their work in an anthropological, if not political light, leading them to work with sociologists and art historians. Some of their conclusions are still valid today, particularly with respect to the perception of movement and the “moral danger” represented by images. Other of their conclusions, too normative or too neglectful of experimental variables, became indefensible. What could possibly serve as an epistemological model for present-day research in film studies is the determination of some psycho-filmologues to see film as a “complete social fact” (Mauss) rather than reducing it to a “text” or a “stimulus.”
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635.More information
SummaryIntellectual trends as diverse as methodological individualism, ethnomethodology, and thé interdisciplinarity between anthropology, history and sociology have opened sociologists up to fundamental theoretical and methodological questions, by putting the emphasis on the link between the ontology of social phenomena and the constructions elaborated. The solutions depend on the implementation of a method which seeks both to satisfy the logical criteria of possibility, necessity and reality of social phenomena and to construct the four moments of the concept (singular, particular, general, universal). This is the thesis that the author sets out to defend, by demonstrating the different and specific capacities of these trends in fulfilling these requirements. While on the one hand, methodological individualism theorizes as ontology of social phenomena the classical empirical basis of sociology, ethnomethodology, on the other hand, attempts to demonstrate the possibility of a social reality defined as an order based on the formal structure of the activity in question. Anthropology and history are divided between descriptive and explicative orientations, that is, between the "particular" moment of the concept and the "general" moment, which spring respectively from the criteria of reality and of necessity inherent in the phenomenon studied. Logical criteria and the "moments" of the concept make it possible, in this way, to understand which ontology underlies the empirical construction elaborated.
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636.More information
AbstractThis article presents the results of an analysis of the Environmental Training-Information Programme (ETIP) in Senegal between 1990 and 2001, from the perspective of its contribution to social connections. It is based on a case study that was done as part of a doctoral thesis. An analysis of the data shows that this program, without creating a radical rupture from traditional social equilibrium, acted as an important catalyst for the transformation of social connections within and around the school. The principle changes that were observed deal with the following aspects: the recognition of the social role and the status and of children, the emergence of a new collegiality between the school actors and the construction of a new school-community partnership. This study leads to the conclusion that the ETIP made a substantial contribution to the transformation of social connections in Senegal. However, the permanence of this change will largely depend on the forms that environmental education will take following the curriculum reform now in progress in Senegal elementary schools.
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640.