McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1933

The phenomenon of incoherent light scattering with a changed frequency was first predicted by Smekal(1) In 1923. It was not until 1928, however, that the effect was observed experimentally by Prof. Sir C.V.Raman(2) in Calcutta. Monochromatic light was allowed to fall on a liquid, the scattered light being analysed by means of a spectograph and lines being found on the photographic plate which were due to frequencies not present in the primary or incident light. These lines are now known as "Raman lines" and the phenomenon itself as the "Raman Effect." [...]  Read more

The problem of religious toleration dates back to the earliest days of history and though great strides have been made since those days, towards freedom of religious expression, it is st111 possible in our own time to call religious liberty 'The Great American Illusion'. (1) In making a study of the development of the idea of religious toleration one may have in mind several methods of approach, and the result of the study will depend largely on the point of view from which the study has been undertaken. One might undertake to defend or to condemn the prevailing tendencies of …  Read more

The tirst cytological work on Stooks was carried out by Allen (1924) who found the diploid chromosome number to be 14. In 1919 Frost reported the discovery of an eversporting race,Snowflake, which constantly produces a small percentage of mutant types in its progeny. Upon cytological examination by Frost and Mann (1924) these proved to be simple trisomics (2 n + 1) with an extra chromosome or chromosome fragment. In consequence of their nature these aneuploid mutants do not breed true but 1/4 to 3/4 of their progeny consist of normal Snowflake. [...]  Read more

La politique française entrait dans une ère nouvelle lorsque les élections générales de 1877 accordèrent la majorité eu groupe républicain a la chambre des députes. C’était une Victoire, mais comme la plupart des victoires celle-ci devait être attenue par la dissension, par les différences d’opinion causées par un siècle de conflits politiques, par les traditions fidèles qui depuis des siècles combattaient les conceptions révolutionnaires de l’État et de la Démocratie. C’était ce que Gambetta avait prévu quand il a déclaré. « L’ère des dangers est passée, celle des difficultés est commencées. »  Read more

La politique francaise entrait dans un ere nouvelle lorsque les élections générale de 1877 accord rent la majorité au groupe républicain à la chambre des députés. C'était une Victoire , mais comme la plupart des victoires celle-ci devait etre atténuée par la dissension, par les différenoes d'opinion oausées par un siecle de conflit politiques, par les traditions fideles qui depuis des sieoles oombattaient 1es conaceptions révolutionnaires de l'Etat et de la Démocratie. C'était ce que Gambetta avait prévu quand il a déclaré "L'err des dangere est passé, celle des diffioultés est commencées."[...]  Read more

When the general elections of 1877 gave a majority to the republican group in the Chamber of Deouties, French politics entered upon a new era. It was a victory, but like most victories it was to be accompanied by dissension, by differences of opinion produced by a century of political conflict, by age-old loyalties aligned against evolutionary conceptions of state and democracy. It was this that Gambetta foresaw when he declared, "The era of dangers is over, that of difficulties has begun." [...]  Read more

The elucidation of the structure of polysaccharides synthesized by bacteria has been shown to have both practical and theoretical importance. A knowledge of the polysaccharides formed by pathogenic bacteria has been found to be of great benefit in that branch of medical science known as immunology. The work reported here is part of a general investigation of the polysaccharides synthesized by certain bacteria, undertaken for the purpose of gaining information regarding the nature and chemical interrelation of substances capable of utilization in the plant for the synthesis of polysaccharides. [...]  Read more

This thesis is part of a more extended study of the life of John Neilson which I hope to complete later for the degree of Ph.D. It is restricted to the period 1818-1828 and deals with Ne11son's activities in the Assembly of Lower Canada and his representations in England in 1822, on the matter of the Union Bill, and in 1828 before the Canada Committee. Its scope has been further limited to those issues arising out of the constitution, organization and functioning of the government. This involves the question of administration and the struggle between Assembly and Executive for its …  Read more

The catalytic hydrogenation of oils in the preparation of solid fats for edible and general industrial purposes has been in general use for a comparatively short time. In a broad sense, much is already known about the mechanism and peculiarities of hydrogenation, and process control is largely scientific, there is not, however, sufficient available information covering any one phase of the extensive field of hydrogenation. In view of this fact, it was decided to investigate some of the fundamental aspects of catalytic hydrogenation. With this object in mind, the work to be discussed in the following pages was undertaken. [...]  Read more

The need for a study of this kind is apparent to most students of Canadian population. The scope permitted by a paper of limited space is insufficient for any really adequateanalysis of all the problems involved. Yet it has been found practicable to review in some measure the growth of Canadian population since the British succession to control.Immigration is inevitably involved in the process of growth, and an attempt has been made to evaluate its effect on regional development as well as on the expansion of Canada as a whole. The result of the latter attempt is not in agreement …  Read more

Not many years after Hopkins had first prophesied that advance in the study of nutritional problems would concern itself largely with certain unknown dietary factors, (now calledvitamins), his prediction was fulfilled. In 1912, McCollum discovered and named the "fat-soluble vitamin", designating it "A" almost simultaneously with the similar discovery of Osborne and Mendel. {56,57). This dietary factor, found to be abundant in butter and cod liver oil, is essential for the growth of young animals, and for the maintenance of normal nutrition and health in all animals. [...]  Read more

Any treatment of the theme of education for appreciation should be welcome to the growing company of thinking people who are casting about for means of restoring some measure of harmony and dignity to a world gone awry. For some time a crust of sanity has held the social structure more or less intact; but the gathering pressure underneath is now breaking loose into tremors and disruptions that leave us aghast at the possibilities of an overwhelming catastrophe to our civilization. There can be little doubt, however, that knowledge of society's present position, well seasoned by contemplative awareness to all …  Read more

"Unnemployment is still a problem of industry, not an act of God", wrote Sir William Beveridge in 1930, twenty years after the publication of the first edition of his classic,Unemployment: a Problem of Industry. The truth in this statement might be practically self-evident, but unfortunately its significance is not generally appreciated by lawmakers orlaymen, many of whom apparently consider unemployment a fortuitous and inevitable evil of our industrial order - a malady, the victims of which may be assisted through the crisesby the use of palliatives, but for which there is no specific treatment. [...]  Read more

Ever since the recognition of cyclopropane by Freund (l) there has been considerable experimentation and speculation upon the mode and ease of opening of the ring in the hydrocarbon and its substitution products by acidic and basic reagents. Perkin (2) first drew attention to the fact that the stability of the ring depended on the substituent groups present and that in many respects the rings resembled ethylenic compounds e.g. some take up water in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid whereas others do not. [...]  Read more

The history of mineral development in the Eastern Townships of Quebec has been long and varied, with a continuous output of a variety of products for many years. Several geologicalreports on the area have been published, but with one or two exceptions, these have either dealt with the general geology of large sections of the country, with little reference to the mineral possibilities, or, in the case of economic reports, they have been devoted solely to one group of deposits as, for example, asbestos or copper (1). The object of the present work is to give as complete a geological …  Read more

The superficial deposits of Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene age in the vicinity of Montreal, possess many interesting features, the origin of which is obscure in many cases and difficult to explain. The object of this present thesis is to describe the forms of these deposits and the materials composing them, and to explain their origin. Only the broader problems are dealt with and there yet remains a vast amount of work to be done before a true and complete picture can be made of the events that have taken place in this area since Pleistocene time. [...]  Read more

"I found two sortes of people, the one Christians, the other Infidels, these I found the most full of humanity and more friendly than the other." l So said Thomas Morton of MerryMount, one of the first of a long line of critics of New England Puritanism. Since then both the sins and the virtues of America have been laid at the door of Puritanism and the Pilgrim Fathers have been made the recipients of paeans of praise in commemoration speeches and of equally enthusiastic abuse from reactionaries. The one point upon which both parties meet is that Puritanism was …  Read more

Viele Kritiker und Dramatiker fussen ihre Definition der Tragodie auf Auffassung der Aristotelischen Definition derselben, welche wie folgt in seinen Werken von Dr. Susemihl ubersetzt worden ist - (1) "Es ist die Tragoedie eine nachahmande Darstellung einer wurdig-ernsten und vollstandig in sich abgeschlossenen Handlung von einer gewissen bestimmten Ausdehnung vermoge des durch annere [...]  Read more

"Mais si tu n'obéis point à la voix de l'Eternel, ton Dieu ... voici toutes les malédictions qui viendront sur toi et qui seront ton partage ... tu seras maudit, à ton arrivée,et tu saras maudit à ton départ ... il n'y aura personne pour venir à ton secours ... tu seras tous les jours opprimé et écrasé. Et tu seras un sujet d'étonnemant, de sarcasme etde raillerie parmi tous les peuples chez qui l'Eternal te mènera ... tu seras. arraché du pays dont tu vas entrer en possession. L'Eternal te dispersera parmi tous les peuples,d'une extremité de la terre …  Read more

Of course the tendency towards the federation of small states into larger units is as old as history itself. In ancient Greece the Amphictyonic Leagues, associations of neighbouring tribes or cities were formed for mutual intercourse or to protect some sanctuary like that at Delphi. In their peace pact the members pledged themsel ves "We will not destroy anycity of the Amphictyons nor cut off the supply of running water, either in war or peace and if any menber break this oath we will make war upon him and destroy his cities". l Again, in the Etruscan cities, the Lucumo …  Read more

In recent years there have come into existence a large number at scientific subjects whose sole literature is contained in periodicals. They are not sufficiently developed to have beoome the subjects or text-books or even to have become included in texts on related topics. The problem of electron oscillations occupies this category. At most it has claimed half a dozen paragraphs in the most modern writings on Radio Communication. [...]  Read more

The intrapleural pressure is generally regarded as merely an observation made during the course of pneumothorax therapy. It is true that on this continent scattered observations on the intrapleural pressure in various pathological conditions have bean made, but it does not seem to have bean realized that certain foreign investigators have subjected the elastic properties of the lung to a very careful analysis and that this measurement should have graduated from an empirical observation to something of real physiological significance. [...]  Read more

The Nebaliacea are small white to transparent crustaceans of geologically ancient lineage and morphologically generalized type, remotely related to the fresh-water "fairy shrimps" or Phyllopoda, and they might be called "marine fairy shrimps". They are collectively equivalent to the other great orders of the class Crustacea, but are represented only by about a dozen existing named species and local races. In outward appearance they bear some resemblance to an overgrown Cyclops-like copepod, varying in length from about one-third of an inch to one inch. [...]  Read more

This study is the result of three years of research on the pioneer area of Western Canada under the direction of the Canadian Pioneer ProblemsCommittee. This Committee was formed in 1928 as a result of deliberations of the American Geographical Society who established the Committee at that time for the purpose of studying the various economic and sociological aspects of the problems of settlement. Haphazard land settlement of the past has led to many subsequent problems for the countries in which the frontier has appeared. Too often migration to the fringe has resulted in marginal living for the settlers. Land …  Read more

Ever since the discovery of cyclopropane by Freund (1) numerous substituted derivatives have been prepared and their stability carefully studied. It was early formulatedby Parkin (2) and later by Kotz (3) that the substitutent groups have a marked influence on the stability of the cyclopropane ring. Recently Kohler and his students (4) have prepared a series of ketonic cyclopropanes in which all three carbon atoms are substituted. [...]  Read more

One of the best ways of discovering the world-view of an age is to note the recurrent problems of its philosophers. To the ancient Greeks the ideal of the philosopher was to be a spectator of all time and all existence; among the moderns the ideal is the same - to envisage things sub specie aeterntatis, with Spinoza, to attain the spirit of wholeness, with the modern idealists. Even the various contemporary empirical philosophies, pragmatism, instrumentalism, humanism, naturalism, though they reject such phrases as these in their description of the role of philosophy, assert nevertheless that they take all knowledge …  Read more

Younge, Eva (Supervisor)  Read more

This thesis is the report on the results of work undertaken to find the methods best adapted to the determination of the distribution of the valuable metals in the minerals of an ore. The carriers of the noble metals, particularly gold, are a problem difficult of solution, but of very great commercial import. The ore from the Noranda Mine was chosen for study. It is a gold bearing ore with an admixture of other minerals. A knowledge of the distribution of the gold between native gold, tellurides, and solid solution or fine distribution through other minerals, would give the limits …  Read more

The purpose of the work described herein was to investigate the catalytio activity of solid and molten metals, especially in referenoe to the current theories of the structure of oatalyst surfaces. From the consideration of these theories, liquefaction of metallic catalysts should be aooompanied by the disappearance of the "active patches", whether these are regarded as the "active points" postulated by Taylor, or as the crystalline imperfections and the intercrystalline interstices, as assumed by Schwab and others. [...]  Read more

Much has been said concerning the value of welded fabrication in structural steel design. In fact, so rapid has been the growth of this method of contruction, that the investigation of its possibilities has been a subject of much research in recent years. Usually when a new method is in its infancy, its limitation and its adaptability are deduced, first, by "trial and error". Tests are carried out to ascertain its properties under certain required conditions, and if the tests prove satisfactory the method is adopted. In due course, by means of mathematical deduction and laboratory research, general laws are …  Read more

To state the reasons for undertaking the present investigation it is necessary first to refer to the main chemical changes known to occur during the activity of skeletal muscle. The picture of these changes, since what A. V. HILL (106) has aptly termed 11 the revolution" can be expressed briefly as follows : Immediately following stimulation, the essentialnature of which is for the most part not understood, phosphagen breaks down anaerobically into creatine and phosphoria acid, providing most if not a11 the energy necessaryfor contraction and tending to lower the H ion concentration of the muscle. [...]  Read more

A number of separate circuit problems in radio engineering are discussed, the problems being linked by the fact that they all involve non-linear impedance relations in vacuum tubes. There is also a general discussion given on non-linearity, and a critical bibliography. Among the topics discussed are: automatic volume control in radio receivers; some original work leading to a vacuum tube wattmeter; original analysis dealing with a heterodyne detector; a constant impedance circuit primarily intended to meet the problems of coupling a pentode tube to a loudspeaker; and some original work on an amplifier involving de-generation to meet the same problem. …  Read more

In view of the fact that several workers in this field have failed to agree upon the presence of a specific sugar, it has been the aim of this investigation to ascertain, if possible, the presence and quantity of a definite sugar. During the course of the work several other substances have been isolated, identified and studied. The inquiry has beencarried out in conjunction with the Veterinary Department at Macdonald College. [...]  Read more

The purpose of this thesis is to describe the fall in the value and volume of Canada's exports since the outset of the present depression, and to investigate the economic effects upon Canada of that fall. In Part One of the thesis, describing the fall in the value and volume of exports, the significance of Canada's export trade to her economic welfare will be shown, and the importance of exports to particular countries will be considered, as well as the importance of exports of particular commodities. In Part Two of the thesis, investigating the economic effects upon Canada of the …  Read more

Metals and ketals are characterized by the grouping R-O-C-O-R, and are thus closely related to the class of compounds known as ethers. In chemical behaviour, however, theydiffer from the ethers, being readily susceptible to hydrolysis in a dilute acid medium. In alkaline solution, on the other hand, they are as inert as the ethers. An acetal may be regarded most conveniently as essentially the product of the condensation of an aldehyde with an alcohol, although it may not necessarily be prepared in this manner. Similarly a ketal may be considered as the condensation product of a ketone with an alcohol. …  Read more

Observations have shown that in certain years oats in Quebec are subject to serious epiphytotics of blight. Part of this has been found to be due to ha1o-blight, caused by Bacterium coronafaciens Elliott. It was in connection with recent serious outbreaks of this: disease at Macdonald College that the following investigations were undertaken.  Read more

The heat capacities of gelatin gels, prepared from ash-free gelatin, of cocentrations ranging from 9% to lOO% gelatin and over the range of temperature between -180° and 25°C.,have been measured. The adiabatic calorimeter used permits a much higher degree of accuracy than has been previously attained in such measurements. Such previous measurements as have been made on gelatin gels cover a mnch more restricted range of temperature and concentration, and have not been made on pure materials. [...]  Read more

Although the Black River group has received thorough study in the region of the Lower Ottawa Valley and in New York State, a detailed stratigraphic analysis of it, as it occurs in the immediate vicinity of Montreal has not, up to the present, been made. The boundaries of the formations here constituting the group, have never been definitely fixed, nor have the strata comprising these formations been adequately described or analysed. This situation may be attributed· to the lack of previous interest in this district as well as to the fact that the group is more fully developed in the …  Read more

In modern biography, the scalpel of Sainte-Beuve has been replaced by the kitchen-knife. It is the lives of racketeers and money-kings that will be read and admired, not studies of quaint old ladies, or studious men with moral difficu1ties; water color prints are purchased -- not pencil sketches or etchings. There is a place of pause in such an attitude, andit may well be that at present there is grave danger of this being forgotten. Art has its home with the eternal verities; and the true artist is no conscript to the passing literarywhims of the moment. [...]  Read more

An investigation has been made of the Stark effect in the region of the mercury spectrum from 2200 - 3000 A. Using a modified Lo Surdo source, fields of the order of 80,000 volts per centimeter huve been obtained. Plates have been taken with a Hilger E2 spectrograph and a Hilger E1 quartz spectrograph. [...]  Read more

Chromatids were traced throughout the chromosome configurations in the first meiotic division in Melanoplus femur-rubrum. Chromosome configurations were studied in relation to the different hypotheses concerning the interpretation of chiasmata and the mechanism of chromosome pairing. A ratio of 7l compensating to 35 non-compensating chiasmata was found.Cytological interference was demonstrated. Chiasma frequencies were determined and a reduction in frequency was shown to be due to terminalisation rather than to breaks at chiasmata. Terminal associations were demonstrated to arise from earlier interstitial chiasmata. Movement of chiasmata was shown to be, in some cases, towards the spindle attachment. This is discussed in …  Read more

COLD as a means of preservation of perishable substances is one of the oldest methods in use. Probably discovered purely by accident, it has been used for thousands of years in various forms, although the reasons and principles of its efficacy were little known. "Natural refrigeration",(such as cold climates, winter temperatures, submerging of products in cold springs or running streams, storage in cool caves and cellars, and cooling by evaporation in porous vessels), is the most primitive method used from prehistoric times down to our own. [...]  Read more

The object of this enquiry is to trace the history of trade relations between Canada and France. Commercial intercourse between these two countries extends back to the very origins of Canada as it was France who first began with the colonization of the part of North-America that is to-day called the Dominion of Canada. Lack of interest in a colony which, though the source of wealth to a few adventurous and corrupted officials, was a burden on the treasury of the French King coupled with the misfortune of a lost war caused thecession of Canada to England. [...]  Read more

It is difficult for us, perhaps, since we live in a period when the literature of rural life is read by a large section of the public, to realise the slow development of what we now term variously the literature of external nature, of the soil, and of the life lived on the land. All varieties of Nature writing are appearing today, from poetry and the light essay to the novel of country life, and the phrase "return to Nature" is on many lips. To study the origin of this literature of rural life is to note the gradual growthof …  Read more

The objectives and aims of analytical chemistry are as manifold as tne interests of man. Curiosity concerning the structure of matter has led to the study of the properties of different materials under diverse conditions and to the study of the variations of the composition of matter with differences of treatment, both physical and chemical. The early work on tne composition of matter by such pioneers as Wenzel and J. B. Ricnter aided greatly in the formulation of the Atomic Theory and the Molecular Hypothesis, since these are based, in part, upon the four laws of composition; the law of …  Read more

Inorganic oxidation has been studied systematically since Lavoisier's researches on combustion. The various types of reaction, which are considered as oxidation processes, have been given very satisfactory explanations, and their theoretical significance is well understood. The original oxidation was a reaction between oxygen and another element or a compound. The product had a higher proportion of oxygen than the initial material. There are certain reactions by which the proportion of some other negative element in a compound can be increased. [...]  Read more

In this paper a number of band-pass circuits will be treated from a theoretical and technical point of view. Certain inaccuracies in the literature dealing with coupled circuits (B2B, B29) having caught the attention of the author, most of the space of this treatise will be allotted to the derivation of a relationship between the "peak separation", coupling coefficient and circuit resistance. The band-pass circuit will be considered as a part of the receiver. The standard methods of coupling, as summed up by G.W.O.H (editorialExperimental Wireless & Wireless Engineer,1931) (BI7), Loftin and White (Bl3) and Cohen (BIB) shall be treated …  Read more

It is well known that the following factors have an important bearing on the conditions of the air when it reaches the working places;- 1. Air temperature at the surface. 2. Effect of adiabatic compression owing to increased depth. 3. Flow of heat from the earth's crust. 4. Heat given off by the oxidation of matter in the following processes: A. Oxidation of ore and timber. B. Oxidation of living tiaeue due to breathing of men and animals, C. Oxidation of materials due to mine fires and lamps. D. Oxidation. [...]  Read more

Depuis dix ans, à peu près, les professeurs de français en France, au Canada Français, et aux Etats-Unis, s'intéressent de plus en plus à savcir quels sont lee auteurs français lemieux connus aux Etats-Unis. Puisque la majorité des Americains ne connaissent les auteurs français que par ceux qu'ils ont lus à l'école, au collège ou à l'université, par une étude des textes dane l'enseigement du français que nous pouvons savoir où nous en sommes. [...]  Read more

It was found that the space charge in the Crookes dark spaae of a Geissler discharge requires 10-3 seoonds to build in air and helium, and l0-4 in hydrogen, at low pressures. Fromthe results obtained in air, it was shown that the product of the pressure and the mobility of the positive ion remains constant down to a pressure of 0.13 mms. of meraury. Also that the positive ions, in the initial stages of the discharge at low pressures are formed by radiation falling on the molecules of the gas. [...]  Read more