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2014 — Mask and shadow: for large orchestraAbstract
Mask and Shadow for large orchestra explores the aesthetic concept of "imperfection" in musical composition. The dissertation consists of two volumes: the analysis and the full score. The original method through which this concept was realized in the compositional work entails two main components: first, it breaks down the concept of imperfection into ramifications, or sub-categories and assigns them to different musical parameters. Second, it defines perfection for each one of these parameters and presents them as a term of contrast in order to highlight the following, altered, state of imperfection.More specifically, I selected four ramifications of the aesthetic concept … Read more
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2014 — A system biology approach to uncover the regulatory and effector hubs of Rac-family GTPasesAbstract
Rho-family proteins are a major branch of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. These proteins can be further subdivided into six subfamilies according to primary amino acid sequence identity, structural motifs and biological function: Rho, Cdc42, Rac, RhoBTB, RhoT and Rnd subfamily. Rho-family proteins are "molecular switches" and cycle between GDP-bound "inactive" state and GTP-bound "active" state by regulation of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPases-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases have a large collection of effectors and are involved in numerous cellular and physiological processes, such as cytoskeletal reorganization, microtubule dynamics, cell polarity, gene expression and cell cycle progression. … Read more
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2014 — New physics searches in angular shapes of photon+jet events in 2013 ATLAS dataAbstract
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN, Switzerland, was built to both refine current Standard Model measurements, as well as discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. Using data from the general-purpose ATLAS detector, we take a step towards answering one of these questions: are quarks point-like, or do they themselves have sub-structure? By investigating the angular correlations in photon+jet events we address this question. The final goal of this thesis was to produce a feasible method to test deviations from the Standard Model using 2012 ATLAS data. A new data-driven background estimation analysis technique was developed to test for significant … Read more
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2014 — The circadian variation of blood pressure in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and postural changesAbstract
Il est bien connu que la tension artérielle (TA) chute pendant le sommeil nocturne et monte pendant la journée. Ce rythme diurne s'explique en partie par les effets du sommeil et les changements posturaux sur la tension artérielle (TA). Il est également rapporté qu’un rythme circadien endogène de TA contribuerait à cette variation diurne. Le but de la présente étude est de préciser la contribution du système circadien endogène, l’effet de siestes et des changements de posture sur la variation de TA au cours de la journée. Onze jeunes adultes en bonne santé (âgés de 22,6 ± 3,4 ans, 1 … Read more
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2014 — Statistical modeling of precipitation processes for gaged and ungaged sites in the context of climate changeAbstract
Understanding the variations of precipitation process in time and in space is essential for the planning, design, and management of various water resources systems. Recently, climate change impacts on precipitation have been recognized as one of the most critical issues for water management in many regions around the world. The present study was therefore carried out in order to develop better methods for improving the accuracy of rainfall estimation at a gauged or ungauged local site in the context of a changing climate. This study can be divided into five main parts.The first part of the present research deals with … Read more
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2014 — Overcoming Hepatitis C: changes in quality of life, healthcare use and substance use in HIV-coinfected patients after antiviral therapyAbstract
Schwartzman, Kevin (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Read more
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2014 — Efficient models of intrinsic variability in speech recognition and speech therapyAbstract
L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des techniques de modélisation statistique pour caractériser la variabilité phonétique dans la reconnaissance automatique de la parole (RAP). Un problème adressé est la détection fiable des erreurs de prononciation, à l'échelle du phonème, dans des énoncés provenant d'applications de thérapie de la parole. Cette thèse inclut également une étude de l'habilitée des systèmes de reconnaissance à modéliser la variabilité phonétique présente dans les applications indépendantes du locuteur. Ces deux problèmes sont traités comme des occurrences du même problème fondamental qu'est la modélisation robuste de la variabilité phonétique dans la RAP.Les contributions techniques de … Read more
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2014 — Biosand filtration in household drinking water treatmentAbstract
Les technologies de traitement de l'eau à domicile offrent une solution temporaire pour alimenter en eau potable les zones non encore reliées à un réseau d'apport et de traitement de l'eau communautaire. C'est un problème critique pour les communautés de l'arrière-pays montagneux de la Guyane, où l'isolation géographique et la faible densité démographique rendent l'amélioration des infrastructures hydriques et sanitaires difficile. Le filtre à biosable est une technologie prometteuse pour le traitement de l'eau à domicile qui serait disponible pour pallier ces contraintes. L'objectif de cette recherche a été de mieux comprendre et d'améliorer le filtre à biosable pour son … Read more
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2014 — Aspects of nanoparticles dispersion and interaction in polymer nanocompositesAbstract
Les polymères nano-renforcés ont attiré beaucoup d'attention au cours des dernières décennies. Profitant de la géométrie à l'échelle nanométrique, immense rapport surface/volume, et les propriétés chimiques et physiques exceptionnelles, les nanoparticules améliorent en théorie la performance des systèmes de polymères. Dans la pratique, la préparation de polymères nano-renforcés comporte ses propres défis. Pour obtenir le meilleur renforcement possible, les nanoparticules doivent être uniformément dispersées dans la matrice, afin d'interagir efficacement avec les chaînes du polymère. Les forces d'attraction moléculaires qui existent à l'interface entre différentes nanoparticules rendent ces problèmes difficiles à surmonter. En outre, la présence de nanoparticules dans la … Read more
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2014 — Performance comparison of randomized gossip, broadcast gossip and collection tree protocol for distributed averaging in wireless sensor networksAbstract
Wireless sensor networks consisting of low cost and battery-powered sensors are used for a multitude of applications from environmental monitoring to target tracking. The large number of sensors deployed in often inaccessible or hostile environments generates the need for fault-tolerant, asynchronous distributed systems and protocols. The problem of distributed averaging, in which nodes communicate with only their neighbors to calculate the network-wide average of their data value, is a basic building block for many more complex applications such as distributed optimization and compression. Gossip algorithms and tree-based aggregation are two popular paradigms for solving distributed averaging. In this thesis, we … Read more
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2014 — Developing a personalized risk index for neurocognitive decline in HIVAbstract
Although the prevalence of severe neurocognitive impairment has fallen to below 5% since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment affects approximately 30-50% of adults living with HIV. Cross-sectional studies have identified associations between several sociodemographic or clinical risk factors with neurocognitive impairment in HIV, but the results have been inconsistent. A scoping review identified the three main methods to measure neurocognition over time in published longitudinal studies on risk factors of neurocognitive decline were single measures, neuropsychological test batteries or clinical evaluation; but there were no qualitative differences in reported study results between measurement strategies. To overcome … Read more
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2014 — Childhood adversity and metabolic outcomes in adults with mood disordersAbstract
Contexte: Le syndrome métabolique augmente le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires. Ces perturbations ont souvent une morbidité associée aux troubles de l'humeur, comme la dépression (MDD) et le trouble bipolaire (BP). Elles sont associées à un moins bon pronostic psychiatrique et une dépréciation fonctionnelle plus importante. L'hypothèse a été émise que l'adversité durant l'enfance est un facteur de risque commun pour les troubles métaboliques et les troubles de l'humeur. Cependant l'association précise entre l'adversité durant l'enfance, les troubles métaboliques et les troubles de l'humeur est encore inconnue.Objectifs: (1) Pour examiner l'association entre l'adversité durant l'enfance et les troubles métaboliques de l'hypertension … Read more
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2014 — Vitamin deficiency, infection and cytokine interactions in pregnant Panamanian women: impact on cortisol-IGF-1-fundal height pathwayAbstract
Scott, Marilyn (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Read more
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2014 — Development and applications of frother analysis in flotation circuitsAbstract
Flotation machines disperse air into bubbles using a variety of devices. Since the characteristics of the bubble population are controlled by frother, measurement of frother concentration it is vital to understand and control performance. A previously developed colorimetric technique, based on a reaction between a dehydrated frother molecule and an aldehyde proposed by Komarowsky, was refined to increase analysis rate and reproducibility, particularly for low-solubility frothers.The refinements included replacing volumetric preparation of frother solutions by weighing of components. This permitted a reduction in the concentration of the solutions which facilitated analysis of low-solubility frothers. Extraction of frother into chloroform demonstrated … Read more
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2014 — Early railway suburbs and their links to contemporary transit-oriented developmentsAbstract
In the past few decades, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has emerged as a promising andinfluential planning concept throughout North America. It tries to ensure a more sustainabledevelopment by integrating land use and transport systems. Numbers of urban planners andtransportation scholars formally introduced TOD as a new concept and increased its profile in the1990s; however, the origins of this concept actually go back much further. There are somenoteworthy examples of large-scale real estate developments across North America, developedon properties owned by transit companies, with the aim of generating revenue for the transitcompany and the government. One of the most successful examples of … Read more
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2014 — Rapid selection of motile sperm with high DNA integrity using microfluidicsAbstract
Background: Current techniques of semen processing and sperm selection used in preparation for assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as IVF and ICSI, are crude and differ greatly from the natural in vivo processes. Recent studies have shown that microfluidic channels and microfluidic chips may be well-suited for sperm selection and could be applied to ART in the future. Aim: The aim of this study is to test new microfluidic devices in their ability to separate viable, highly motile sperm with high DNA integrity from non-motile sperm and debris. Furthermore, we also evaluate the efficiency of the 6 mm microfluidic device … Read more
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2014 — Synthesis of stimuli-responsive polymers via Nitroxide mediated polymerization and characterization in aqueous and ionic liquid solutionsAbstract
Polymères stimulables ont été célébrés comme «Polymères intelligent» en raison de leurs réponses rapides et réversibles aux changements environnementaux. Il est impératif pour ces polymères d’avoir des structures bien définies afin que leur transformation puisse être bien défini et réversible. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, la polymérisation médiée par nitroxyde (NMP) a été utilisé comme technique de synthèse des polymères microstructurées et ceci représente la majorité des études et découvert présentées dans cette thèse. Comme l'une des principales techniques de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée, l’NMP se distingue par sa simplicité an tant qu’ingrédients nécessaires et de procédures de purification.De nombreux polymères stimulables … Read more
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2014 — The nature of forgetting: the case for storage impairment or retrieval impairment in experimental amnesiaAbstract
Although much work has been done to unravel the mechanisms by which memory forms, is retained, and is brought back up again, there remains many unanswered questions of the opposing side of phenomenon: the issue of forgetting. Forgetting is often debated as being caused by either an impairment of retrieval mechanisms or a failure of storing the memory trace. Recently, a novel approach to differentiate between these two theories has been devised by using a second learning protocol, which takes advantage of the unique properties of second learning acquisition. We show that unlike first, naive learning, any subsequent learning of … Read more
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2014 — Surface-micromachined silicon carbide structures and their application for microsystemsAbstract
La première partie de cette thèse présente la conception, la fabrication et la qualification de transducteurs ultrasoniques micro-usinés capacitifs (CMUT) à base de carbure de silicium (SiC). L'utilisation de SiC amorphe déposé par pulvérisation cathodique comme couche structurelle permet aux températures du procédé de fabrication de se limiter à un budget thermique de 200˚C pendant 2 h, le plus faible rapporté à ce jour. Ainsi, la technologie est idéalement adaptée pour intégration directe sur circuits intégrés. Le module de Young élevé de la couche de SiC, ainsi que ses contraintes résiduelles très faibles, engendre des membranes CMUT très solides et … Read more
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2014 — III-nitride nanowire phosphor-free white light emitting diodes: design, performance simulation, and characterizationAbstract
AbrégéRécemment, nanofils InGaN / GaN ont été intensivement étudiée comme une architecture alternative pour réaliser la lumière de haute performance diodes électroluminescentes (DEL). Par rapport aux dispositifs planaires LED classiques, ils peuvent présenter sensiblement réduit densités de dislocations, les champs de polarisation et d' amélioration de l'efficacité d'extraction de lumière . Cette thèse rend compte de la conception, la simulation de la performance, et la caractérisation de près exempt de défauts InGaN / GaN point- à - fil hétérostructures LED . Nous avons développé nanofils blanc LED libre de phosphore avec une grande efficacité quantique interne et réduit le statisme … Read more
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2014 — Signaling mechanism of DNAM-1, a natural killer cell cytotoxicity receptorAbstract
DNAM-1 (CD226) was discovered in 1996 and first defined as an adhesion molecule expressed by lymphocytes. For the past few years, DNAM-1 has attracted more and more attention, and its critical roles in immunosurveillance of certain tumors, mediation of autoimmune diseases and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have been reported. Nonetheless, the signal transduction mechanism by which DNAM-1 exerts its functions in NK cells remains poorly understood. With various biochemistry and genetic approaches, we have demonstrated that DNAM-1 is an authentic activating NK cell receptor that is capable of enhancing NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity when it is engaged by its ligands. Stimulation … Read more
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2014 — Optimal transceiver design for non-regenerative MIMO relay systemsAbstract
Le relayage multi-entrées multi-sorties (MIMO) permet d'accroître la capacité des systèmes sans fil plus efficacement que sa contrepartie n'utilisant qu'une seule antenne. Les stratégies non-régénératives, dans lesquelles les relais appliquent des matrices de transformation linéaire à leur signaux d'entrée avant de les retransmettre, sont préférées dans de nombre d'applications. La conception de transcepteurs est cruciale afin de pleinement exploiter le grand potentiel qu'offrent les relais MIMO dans les systèmes de communications sans fil. Nous explorons ce problème général à partir de deux perspectives différentes: la combinaison cohérente et l'adaptation. Dans la première perspective, nous concevons des architectures de transcepteur pour … Read more
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2014 — Rapid detection of trace metal ions on microfluidic platforms using gold nanoparticle sensorsAbstract
Liu, Jinxia (Internal/Supervisor) Read more
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2014 — The role of the inflammasome and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in enteric infection pathogenesisAbstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have dramatically risen in both developed and developing nations in the last 50 years. While there has been much debate on both the genetic and environmental causes of IBD, it is thought to arise from an abnormal immune response to the commensal intestinal microbiota in susceptible individuals. Recent human and mouse genetic results, as well as functional data from experimental animal models of colitis, have both pointed to a key role of the inflammasome-IL-18 pathway in intestinal homeostasis. The inflammasomes are sensors of microbial/danger signals and are key effectors of the … Read more
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2014 — Dynamic generalized (multiple-set) structured canonical correlation analysis (dynamic GCANO): a structural equation model for simultaneous analysis of multiple-subject effective connectivity in functional neuroimaging studiesAbstract
Effective connectivity in functional neuroimaging studies is defined as the time dependent causal influence that a certain brain region of interest (ROI) exerts on another. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is regularly employed to analyze effective connectivity. In recent years, various SEM methods have been proposed to model effective connectivity. However, there has been little attempt to develop SEM methods for analyzing common patterns of effective connectivity across subjects despite the prevalence of multiple-subject research in effective connectivity. This dissertation proposes a method that fills this gap. This method is called dynamic generalized (multiple-set) structured canonical correlation analysis (dynamic GCANO). It … Read more
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2014 — Research on entrapment in China--with reference to the experience in CanadaAbstract
Entrapment, as a behavior of abusing of the power by the police, should be prohibited by the law. However, in China, entrapment is read as legal and appropriate detective measure and the police or agent use it universally while recent legal regulation has begun to restrict its application. There are three reasons which contribute to its existence: firstly, insufficient understanding of the relationship between the human nature and entrapment; secondly, lacking the awareness of protecting the human rights and lastly overemphasizing on national accusatorial function. In terms of legal system, there is defectiveness in it. Specifically speaking, the defectiveness includes … Read more
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2014 — Clouds, precipitation and marine boundary layer structure during MAGICAbstract
The recent ship-based MAGIC field campaign with the marine-capable Second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) deployed on the Horizon Lines cargo container M/V Spirit provided one-year inter-seasonal high-resolution observations of clouds and precipitation between Los Angeles, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii. As expected, marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds have a much higher frequency of occurrence than other cloud types. The MBL clouds demonstrate propensity to produce precipitation, which often evaporates before reaching the ground. MBL clouds occur more often in the warm season than in the cold season, reflecting the importance of large-scale subsidence. A clear bimodal structure of the probability distribution … Read more
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2014 — Fighting against social spammers on Twitter by using active honeypotsAbstract
Avec la popularité des réseaux sociaux au cours des dernières années, le problème du spam de ces applications devient de plus en plus grave. De nombreuses méthodes ont été proposées pour lutter contre problème du spam sur les réseaux sociaux. Dans cette thèse, nous examinons d'abord la motivation et la base des activités spam sur les réseaux sociaux ainsi que discutons des stratégies existantes de détection de spam sur les réseaux sociaux. Ensuite, nous avons mis en avant une nouvelle approche de détection de spam pour lutter contre les spammeurs sur Twitter. Nous constatons qu'il ya un certain type de … Read more
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2014 — Combining calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy to study the interactions between a bisubstrate inhibitor and aminoglycoside N-6'-acetyltransferasae-liAbstract
Mittermaier, Anthony (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Read more
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2014 — Littoral structure as a driver of food chain length in lakesAbstract
Solomon, Christopher (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Read more
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2014 — Predicting malaria in a highly endemic country using clinical and environmental dataAbstract
Avec ses 154 à 289 millions de victimes en 2011, dont 80% provenaient de la partie subsaharienne d'Afrique, la malaria est un problème majeur de santé publique. Les agences internationales ont privilégié le contrôle de la malaria, en investissant un montant estimé à 1,84$ milliard en 2012 dans les programmes de prévention et de lutte contre la malaria et dans les pays où la malaria est endémique. Il y a eu une forte augmentation des ressources consacrées à la prévention et au contrôle de la malaria au cours de la dernière décennie. La malaria se développe dans les pays tropicaux … Read more
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2014 — The effect of forest fragmentation on aboveground carbon stocks and tree diversity: a case study of the Montérégie, QuébecAbstract
Bennett, Elena (Internal/Cosupervisor2) Read more
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2014 — Investigation of Cherenkov emission with applications in dosimetry, image guidance and intensity modulation in radiation therapyAbstract
Les objectifs de cette étude sont de valider la potentielle application de l'émission Cherenkov (EC) pour la dosimétrie en radiothérapie, pour l'imagerie en temps réel et pour la modulation des faisceaux par l'analyse de sa corrélation avec la dose de rayonnement et par un décalage spectral vers la fenêtre infrarouge proche (FIP) des tissus biologiques afin de maximiser sa détection. Ce travail apporte une contribution originale aux travaux antérieurs en corrélant efficacement, d'une part, la dose de rayonnement et l'EC en 2 dimensions à l'aide d'une fibre optique et d'un spectromètre à réseau, et ce, sans l'aide d'un facteur de … Read more
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2014 — Analysis of plant dehydrin promotersAbstract
Transcriptional regulation is an important mechanism of gene expression modulation. The two studies presented here looked at transcriptional control of dehydrin genes. In the first study, promoters of KS dehydrin orthologues from an arctic and temperate Oxytropis species were compared. A region in the promoter from the temperate species was identified to be responsible for the repression of expression of a reporter gene under the promoter’s control. In the second study, using de novo motif discovery, promoters of five subclasses of dehydrins were analyzed. It was shown that each subclass contains overrepresented motifs in their promoters, which could help explain … Read more
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2014 — An integrative approach to understanding factors that influence monolingual and bilingual children's use of iconic co-speech gesturesAbstract
L'objectif de la présente thèse était d'étudier l'influence de quatre facteurs sur les gestes iconiques produits par des enfants monolingues et bilingues âgés entre 4 et 6 ans; l'exposition au gestes qui accompagne la parole, le type de mot, la spécificité des verbes, et la maîtrise de la langue. Les gestes iconiques illustrent un caractéristique particulier d'un objet concret ou d'un événement (e.x. forme d'un objet, manière de mouvement).Le premier manuscrit enquêtait si les enfants produisent des taux de geste spécifiques avec différents types de mots (verbes décrivant manière de mouvement, VM; mots symboliques décrivant des sons, MSS), et si … Read more
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2014 — Policies and practices for e-mail management at the Canadian governmentAbstract
As government agencies perform a large number of operations through e-mail, appropriate e-mail management has become critical within the current information accessibility- and accountability-driven environment. The aim of this research is to understand how e-mail records are managed in the Canadian government agencies and identify the characteristics that support the management of e-mail records to ensure their reliability, integrity and authenticity. It sought to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the general principles of the e-mail management policies and guidelines within Canadian government agencies?; (2) To what extent are these e-mail management principles implemented in the government agencies?; … Read more
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2014 — A novel, radiolabel-free pulse chase strategy for studying Kir3-Gßy assembly and traffickingAbstract
Kir3 channels are essential regulators of neuronal and cardiac excitability, maintaining cells at their resting membrane potentials. While much research has been dedicated to elucidating mechanisms by which signalling proteins regulate Kir3 channel gating, little is known regarding the channel’s early associations with signalling partners, its stability at the plasma membrane and the mechanisms regulating its internalization and degradation. Furthermore, it has recently become appreciated that Gβγ subunits may serve distinct roles in the channel’s life cycle beyond their well-established role in channel gating. Here, we studied the dynamics of Kir3 as it progresses along the biosynthetic pathway and have … Read more