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  • Zhang, Jie
    2018 — Behavioural and neural correlates of memory loss: investigating storage impairment in consolidation, reconsolidation, and active decay
    Abstract

    Although the loss of memory has long been recognised as fundamental to memory function as initial memory formation, considerably less is known about the neurobiology of forgetting. Therefore, we explore neurobiological correlates of three distinct forgetting phenomena.(1) The nature of experimental amnesia has traditionally been discussed within a framework of analysis based on the distinction of storage versus retrieval impairment, with the view that experimental amnesia arises either from memories being unavailable (impaired storage) or inaccessible (impaired retrieval). Using a second learning protocol that takes advantage of the fact that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are required for the initial but not …  Read more

  • Zhang, Kezhuo
    2018 — Genome-wide and locus-specific approaches to characterize hepatic gene regulation in cancer cachexia
    Abstract

    Cancer-associated cachexia affects 80% of cancer patients and causes 30% of cancer deaths. Many studies have focused on the molecular mechanism of muscle wasting and adipose tissue loss in rodents or human subjects with cancer cachexia. Although the liver is a central player in body energy metabolism, its role in cachexia has rarely been studied. By investigating the gene expression profile of cachectic liver in the C26-induced cachexia mouse model, we aim to discover how this tissue contributes to energy wasting and metabolic regulation in cancer cachexia. The transcriptional profile of cachectic liver shows upregulated expression of genes involved in …  Read more

  • Zhang, Ling
    2018 — Simultaneous auctions with item bidding
    Abstract

    Vetta, Adrian Roshan (Internal/Cosupervisor2)  Read more

  • Zhang, Mengtian
    2018 — Non-Gaussian ICU time series monitoring:modeling under a state space representation
    Abstract

    Face aux séries temporelles non stationnaires et non gaussiennes, la représentation d'état conventionnelle est souvent limité par l'hypothèse gaussienne sur la distribution d'erreurs. Plusieurs solutions ont été établies, ciblant des problèmes tels que la distribution à queue lourde ou la volatilité variant dans le temps. Dans cette thèse, plutôt que de s'adresser à seulement un problème particulier à la fois, nous proposons un type de représentation d'état qui constitue une combinaison mise à l'échelle de distributions normales, un processus de volatilité stochastique et un modèle de Markov sous-jacent pour la variance afin de représenter les séries temporelles soumises à des …  Read more

  • Zhang, Qin
    2018 — Numerical simulation of wave forces on structures due to flash flood
    Abstract

    The wave forces on structures due to flash flood were determined through a series of numerical simulations using the Fluent computational fluid dynamic software on the ANSYS Workbench. Simulations were first conducted for the impact of waves on a wall and then waves on structures that were rectangular blocks of various heights and spheres of different diameters. The wave drag force coefficient on a wall are determined to vary from C_D = 2.7 to 16 over a wide range of surge-wave Froude number from Frs = 0.35 to 2.8. The large drag coefficient obtained from the simulations is significant greater …  Read more

  • Zhang, Tian Rui
    2018 — The role of hippocampal memory engram in mediating stress susceptibility in an animal model of depression
    Abstract

    Autre que les changements d'humeur, la dépression a été associée à des biais cognitifs tels que la mémoire biaisée des stimulus négatifs. Des études d'imagerie du cerveau suggèrent que le biais dans le traitement des informations négatives est lié au fonctionnement augmenté de l'hippocampe. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que la formation facilitée des cellules engrammes de l'hippocampe, soit le substrat cellulaire des souvenirs, est lié au biais cognitif pour les stimulus négatifs liés à la dépression. Nous employons un modèle de défaite sociale chronique pour examiner la relation entre les cellules engrammes de l'hippocampe et les comportements liés à la dépression. …  Read more

  • Zhao, Chen
    2018 — Portable analytical platforms for disease diagnostics and environmental monitoring
    Abstract

    This thesis aims to develop high-performance portable analytical platforms for disease diagnostics and environmental monitoring. In one branch of this research, new types of cellulose-based microfluidic biosensors are developed for quantifying physiologically relevant biomarkers in human fluids, with target applications of point-of-care diagnosis and physiological condition monitoring. Specifically, an electrochemical microfluidic paper-based immunosensor array (E-μPIA) is proposed. A customized, handheld electrochemical reader is designed for multiplexed readout of electrochemical signals from the E-μPIA with high resolution. Based on this platform, multiplexed detection of three metabolites (glucose, lactate, and uric acid) in urine samples, and human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C …  Read more

  • Zhao, Kedi
    2018 — Children's and adolescents' moral emotions and judgements of cyberbullying: the influence of previous cyberbullying experiences
    Abstract

    The current study examined whether Chinese children's and adolescents' moral emotion attributions (morally responsible emotions and morally disengaged emotions) of cyberbullying events would be different when they were put in different roles (perpetrators and bystanders). The influences of age, social desirability and previous cyberbullying experiences (bullies, victims, both bullies and victims, non-cyberbullying experiences) on their moral emotions and judgement were also investigated. Relations among previous cyberbullying experiences, moral emotion attributions and moral judgements were further investigated through the structural equation model. 166 children and adolescents from 8 to 16 years old were recruited in China to take part in this …  Read more

  • Zhao, Lisa
    2018 — Versatile cradle-to-grave culture platform for 3D spheroid formation and analysis
    Abstract

    The need for conventional cell culture methods with increased physiological relevancy has led to the development of spheroid formation, a method of 3D cell culture. Spheroids provide more structural, functional, and physiological relevancy which has allowed spheroids to be used extensively in cancer and stem cell research. Spheroids also have high impact potential in drug screening, but the issues with existing methods of spheroid formation are preventing their widespread use. With current methods of forming, treating, labelling, and analyzing spheroid cultures, disparate handling techniques and multiple experimental platforms are typically required. Not only are these multiple steps cumbersome, the risk …  Read more

  • Zhao, Mingfei
    2018 — Approximating gains from trade in two-sided markets via simple mechanisms
    Abstract

    We design simple mechanisms to approximate the Gains from Trade (GFT) in two-sidedmarkets with multiple unit-supply sellers and multiple unit-demand buyers. A classical impossibilityresult by Myerson and Satterthwaite [22] showed that even with only one sellerand one buyer, no Individually Rational (IR), Bayesian Incentive Compatible (BIC) andBudget-Balanced (BB) mechanism can achieve full GFT (trade whenever buyer's value ishigher than the seller's cost). On the other hand, they proposed the "second-best" mechanismthat maximizes the GFT subject to IR, BIC and BB constraints, which is unfortunatelyrather complex for even the single-seller single-buyer case. Our mechanism is simple, IR,BIC and BB, and achieves …  Read more

  • Zheng, Bo
    2018 — VHDL implementation of a modified reed-solomon coding algorithm with considerably reduced latency for short-reach optical communications
    Abstract

    Error correction codes have been a necessary part of most optical communicationsystems. In their implementations, latency is always one of thetop challenges, especially for short-reach optical communications. This concernis not only because of the constant demand for faster Internet speed butalso because the exponential increase in Internet traffic is mainly driven byemerging applications like streaming video, social networking, and cloud computing,which is all data intensive and require high interaction between theservers. Research teams have come up with some solutions to reduce latency,but most of them considerably increase hardware costs and thus are limited.Nevertheless, a novel class of generalized Reed-Solomon (RS) …  Read more

  • Zhou, Luyang
    2018 — Two revolutions: a comparative historical analysis of empire, nationalism, and communism in China and Russia
    Abstract

    Cette thèse comprend quatre articles interdépendants qui comparent la révolution bolchevique avec celui de la partie communiste chinois (PCC), et expliquent leurs disparités selon les différentes étapes entre la Russie et la Chine dans la transition d'empire vers État-nation. En examinant les élites, les institutions, et les idéologies, cette thèse révèle quatre différences importants entre ces deux mouvements. Premièrement, alors que l'élite bolchevique utilisait l'idéologie de classe pour nier la notion de nation, le PCC ont invoqué la classe pour cultiver et renforcer le nationalisme chinois. Deuxièmement, les bolcheviks détestaient la culture militaire, alors que le PCC embrassait la psychologie …  Read more

  • Zhou, Xiao
    2018 — Nanoscale mechanisms of hydrogen segregation and diffusion in metals
    Abstract

    Depuis la découverte par William Johnson il y a un siècle de l'effet néfaste de l'hydrogène sur la détérioration des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux, appelée la fragilisation par l'hydrogène, ce sujet conserve un intérêt continu depuis de nombreuses années. Malgré la recherche constante dans ce domaine, l'interprétation et les mécanismes responsables de la fragilisation de l'hydrogène sont loin d'être acceptés. Par contre, il est bien connu que la microstructure est sensible à la fragilisation de l'hydrogène et que les hétérogénéités microstructurales jouent un rôle essentiel afin de déterminer la susceptibilité de ce phénomène. Plus particulièrement, les dislocations et les joints …  Read more

  • Zhu, Cheng
    2018 — Three essays on data-driven models in health care operations management
    Abstract

    Though 20th century has seen life expectancy largely lengthened worldwide, aging population, chronic diseases, worsening food supply with deficit nutrition and environmental problems add to the burden of healthcare systems all around the world. Data analytics, which has been seen as a significant power in other industries, is expected to contribute to the improvement of efficiency and effectiveness in healthcare. This thesis aims to identify and promote more effective and efficient strategic, operations and clinical policies in healthcare systems through descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytics. To this end, this thesis focuses on three essays, i.e. three data-driven problems based on …  Read more

  • Zhu, Hongzhi
    2018 — Statistical modeling and tracking of artery wall motion in ultrasound images
    Abstract

    In this thesis, we focus on the problem of tracking the movement of the common carotid artery (CCA) wall using ultrasound images. The movement of the CCA wall is believed to be a biomarker for cardiovascular health and hence can be used as a diagnostic method of cardiovascular diseases. Tracking of the CCA wall, particularly along the longitudinal dimension, is a challenging task due to the homogeneity of the tissue along that direction. Usually, a state-space model, i.e., random walk model and autoregressive model, is employed to represent the changes of the region of interest (ROI) on ultrasound (US) images, …  Read more

  • Zhu, Yao
    2018 — Effect of microwave and ultrasonic processing on the conformation of egg white protein
    Abstract

    Les œufs, en raison de sa disponibilité abondante des nutriments essentiels, sont l'un des aliments les plus populaires et de grande consommation. Les composants bioactifs dans les œufs nous aident à prévenir la maladie et à maintenir la santé. Cependant, les œufs provoqueraient très probablement des réactions allergiques chez les patients particulièrement sensibles aux œufs. Selon les statistiques pertinentes, l'allergie aux œufs est devenue la deuxième allergie. Les allergènes, qui se composent de l'ovomucoïde (Gal d 1), l'ovalbumine (Gal d 2), la conalbumine (Gal d 3), le lysozyme (Gal d 4) et la a-livétine (Gal d 5), s'avèrent présents dans …  Read more

  • Zlobine, Igor
    2018 — Host immunity determines outcome of eukaryotic initiation factor-4A inhibition in breast cancer
    Abstract

    Une Canadienne sur huit sera touchée par le cancer du sein au cours de sa vie. De tous les sous-types, le cancer du sein triple-négatif est la forme la plus mortelle due à l'absence de thérapie ciblée. Une façon de s'attaquer à ce problème est de cibler la traduction d'ARNm en protéines, puisque la traduction anormale est une caractéristique commune de plusieurs cancers, dont le cancer du sein. Le facteur d'initiation de la traduction eIF4A, une hélicase à ARN, et la protéine liant la coiffe des ARNm, eIF4E, sont deux composantes du complexe eIF4F. L'activité d'eIF4F est particulièrement importante pour …  Read more

  • Zlotchevski, Andrei
    2018 — Fluctuations in the thick points of the two-dimensional log-correlated Gaussian Free Field
    Abstract

    The geometry of the continuum Gaussian free field (GFF) has been studied extensively. In particular, Hu, Miller, and Peres proved that the Hausdorff dimension of the a-thick point set is almost surely 2-a. In this thesis, we prove that the set of a-thick points with a lower order drift term f(log(r)) has the same Hausdorff dimension as the original thick point set.  Read more

  • Zouein, Natasha
    2018 — The lack of correlation between legality and safe abortion: the effect of abortion stigma, culture and religion on women's decision-making
    Abstract

    De nos jours, la santé sexuelle et reproductive des femmes invoque constamment le débat sur le recours à l'avortement lorsque celles-ci font face à des grossesses non désirées. De 2010 à 2014, environ 56 millions d'avortements ont eu lieu annuellement dans le monde. De ces 56 millions, 25,1 million étaient des avortements non-médicalisés et risqués, dont 97% produits dans les pays en développement. Il a toujours été avancé que la décriminalisation et le statut juridique de l'avortement soient considérés comme la réponse à l'accès sûr de ces services. Toutefois, la criminalisation de l'avortement n'est pas l'unique source d'impact négative sur …  Read more

  • Zuraik, Christopher
    2018 — The burden of traumatic injury: evidence from a trauma hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti
    Abstract

    Introduction: L'hôpital Bernard Mevs Hospital Project Medishare est le seul hôpital de soins critiques et de traumatologie de toute la nation, limitant ainsi considérablement l'accès aux soins critiques pour les blessés. On en sait peu sur l'épidémiologie et le fardeau croissant des maladies liées aux traumatismes en Haïti. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de quatre ordres: décrire l'épidémiologie des traumatismes; déterminer le fardeau économique et social des maladies; effectuer une évaluation médico-économique de la mise en œuvre d'une meilleure surveillance routière; et effectuer une évaluation médico-économique des soins de traumatologie.Méthodes: Cette étude rétrospective, transversale, en milieu hospitalier, a été …  Read more