McGill University Theses and dissertations by author name (F)

In the contemporary period of Muslim-Christian dialogue and inter-faith study, there are only a few Western-trained Muslim scholars who are recognised for their study of other faiths and for their contributions to inter-faith dialogue. One such scholar was Ismaʿil al-Faruqi (1921-1986). Throughout his academic career he taught, published and was actively engaged in inter-faith study and dialogue. In the 1960s and 1970s, he was one of the main Western Muslim representatives in dialogue with the Vatican, the World Council of Churches and other Christian organisations. He and his wife were murdered in 1986. This study critically examines al-Faruqi's methodology of …  Read more

Contexte. La présence de troubles extériorisés et intériorisés tout au long du développement peut poser un risque pour les jeunes en raison de leur association avec des comportements à risque, telle la consommation de substances ainsi que la participation aux jeux de hasard et d’argent. Bien qu’un certain niveau de ces comportements à risque puisse être considéré comme normatif, il existe d'importantes lacunes dans la littérature concernant la comorbidité entre les problèmes extériorisés et intériorisés ainsi que l’évolution longitudinale de ces troubles. Objectifs. Cette thèse vise à examiner comment les trajectoires de problèmes extériorisés et intériorisés de l’enfance à l’adolescence …  Read more

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of metabolic acid-base balance on feed intake and susceptibility of dairy heifers to ketoacidosis. Animals were fed two dietary cation-anion difference diets [dietary cation-anion difference is defined as mEq (Na++K+)-(Cl -+S2-) kg-1 dietary dry matter], a high dietary cation-anion difference (positive) and a low dietary cation-anion difference (negative). The heifers fed the positive dietary cation-anion difference had significantly higher blood pH, blood bicarbonate and dry matter intake than heifers fed the negative dietary cation-anion difference. There was an initial decrease in dry matter intake by the heifers fed the negative dietary cation-anion …  Read more

La toxicomanie représente un problème social sérieux en Amérique du Nord qui a uneinfluence négative sur les relations familiales et le fonctionnement du couple. De plus en plus derecherches considèrent le potentiel de la thérapie de couple comme une approche dans cecontexte. À l'aide d'un modèle d'étude de cas répliqué, cette étude a exploré une proposition deprolongation théorique de la thérapie de couple axée sur les émotions dans le contexte detoxicomanie. Les résultats sont présentés ici dans un manuscrit de trois articles. Le premierarticle explique les résultats généraux de l'étude. Des comparaisons entre le modèle normatif dela thérapie de couple …  Read more

L'énergie est la devise de la vie puisqu'elle est nécessaire à tous les organismes vivants pour survivre et se reproduire. J'ai examiné le rôle central des dépenses énergétiques dans la vie des écureuils roux (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) femelles en liberté au Yukon (Canada, 61 °N 138 °W) pendant qu'elles acquéraient leur énergie et l'attribuaient entre différentes activités favorisant leur survie et succès reproductif. Lorsqu'elles s'approvisionnaient de cônes d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca) à l'automne, leur acquission d'énergie correspondait à une réponse fonctionnelle de type III. Lorsque les cônes étaient rares, les écureuils changeaient pour s'approvisionner en champignons, alors que lorsque les cônes …  Read more

The industrial history of the Great Lakes basin has left its mark on the landscape with more than 4,500 known hazardous waste sites on both sides of the Canada-United States border. The vast majority are closed and no longer accept wastes, but they still pose potential risks to the environment and nearby communities. For the past several years, state and provincial governments have proposed new "state-of-the-art" facilities as a way to allow industries continued access to waste disposal capacity, but with far stricter controls than most older sites have provided. Publicity of contamination incidents at existing waste sites, and also …  Read more

Chevalier, Stephanie (Supervisor1)  Read more

Despite the tremendous success of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in terms of cost and clinical results, this procedure has been restrained by long term outcomes. One of the major clinical concerns is the generation of UHMWPE particles leading to periprosthetic osteolysis. Because of their low volumetric wear rate, metal-on-metal bearings have emerged as an alternative. However, metal particles and ions released from metal hip prostheses due to wear and corrosion have been essential concerns for the orthopaedic community. In fact, several clinical studies have demonstrated elevated concentrations of metal ions in the systemic circulation and in the surrounding tissues in …  Read more

This thesis investigates the reliability of lattice simulations to reproduce the dynamics of the network of topological strings and domain walls that forms during the cosmological evolution of the axion field. Lattice simulations of axion string-wall networks are not capable of resolving the disparity in scale between the inter-string separation and string core size that exists for physically relevant axion models, but such simulations have been relied upon in the literature, without verification, to reproduce the dynamics of physical systems and place lower bounds on the axion mass. We performed lattice simulations of axion string-only networks that varied lattice parameters …  Read more

This dissertation is based on the study of over 340 performances of early music given by the Parisian Schola Cantorum and its sister association, the Chanteurs de Saint-Gervais, between 1894 and 1914. The first chapter explores performance trends for this repertoire in isolation. Chapter 2 is an attempt to root out personal reasons for the changes in Schola programming, and also provides a sketch of the community that was behind the institution. The next chapter considers how Schola programming may have been affected by changes to the institution's mandate, goals, and relationship to the Conservatoire and other Republican institutions. The …  Read more

In the field of musicology, most commentators agree that the late style of Gabriel Faure is highly contrapuntal. At the same time, no systematic or generally accepted methodology exists for the discussion of the way in which Faure combines individual lines, except for Robert Orledge's brief enumeration of Faure's preferred procedures with respect to such things as time and interval of entry. In this thesis, I develop a method for examining counterpoint in selected songs from the late-style song cycle, La Chanson d'Eve. This is based on historical information concerning Faure's education, his pedagogical habits, and his comments concerning the …  Read more

"My purpose in this thesis is to compare the AngloCanadian and American legal systems as regards the legislation dealing with corporate take-overs, the compulsory acquisition of the shares of a dissenting minority shareholder in the course of a take-over, and defenses to a take-over. The emphasis is on how a comparative approach to the questions considered will lead to superior solutions. Although various articles on the subject in one of the two legal systems may briefly refer to the law in the other system, no in depth comparison of the two systems exists. I have not hesitated to express my …  Read more

It is intended in this thesis to examine the two concepts of liberty which are referred to as the "positive" and "negative" concepts, and to consider whether it is possible to make a connection between each of these concepts and a corresponding and distinct theory of human nature. These theories of human nature are the "notions" referred to in the sub-title of the thesis. It will be realised that in a work of this nature it is impossible to survey the entire range of philosophers who have, at one time or another, been interested in or referred to liberty.  Read more

A recent study of the local union-management relationship in forty-one plants in the United States stated in its conclusions that a number of challenging questions remained to be answered. One of these was identified as the problem of the effect of different collective bargaining structures upon the relationship.  Read more

Entre 1977 et 1978, le musicien de rock britannique Elvis Costello a fait paraître ses deux premiers albums. Le premier album, My Aim Is True, fut enregistré avec des musiciens de studio et est marqué par des sons de guitare « rockabilly » et « rock and roll ». Le deuxième album, This Year’s Model, fut réalisé ave un groupe permanent de musiciens—les Attractions—et met beaucoup plus l'accent sur la section rythmique, s’inspirant d'un plus grand nombre d'influences incluant le punk, le new wave, le reggae et le R&B. Cette thèse explorera l'évolution des rôles fonctionnels des différents groupes de …  Read more

It is well-established that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a large preclinical stage where neuropathological changes begin to accumulate. Growing evidence indicates that medical treatment at such stages might have a successful impact on delaying or halting the disease. Henceforth, the understanding of AD preclinical stages is of utmost importance.Some studies suggest that a disease-aggravating neuroinflammatory process occurs at preclinical AD stages. Such scenario is well-illustrated by epidemiological data indicating that anti-inflammatory medications have a sparing effect on AD if administered early enough; highlighting the detrimental role of early neuroinflammation. Little is known about preclinical neuroinflammation in AD; therefore, the main …  Read more

Les néoplasmes malins, ou tumeurs cancéreuses, surviennent lorsque les cellules acquièrent une instabilité génétique causant une croissance cellulaire incontrôlée ayant le potentiel d'envahir les tissus sains autour du corps. Les interrogations au sujet de la biologie du cancer ont été épuisante pour de nombreux scientifiques. La recherche sur le cancer et la découverte de médicaments dépendent de modèles solides et cliniquement pertinents. La plupart de nos expériences sont basées sur des modèles cellulaires bidimensionnels (2D) classiques, dans lesquels les cellules sont cultivées dans des environnements plats et non représentatifs. Bien que ces expériences en 2D aient été le pilier de …  Read more

Kinsella, Joseph (Supervisor1)  Read more

Burack, Jacob A. (Internal/Supervisor)  Read more

Le d´eveloppement de techniques et de logiciels pour la caract´erisation des d´esalignementsdes quadrupl´es de la “small-strip Thin Gap Chamber” (sTGC) pour ATLAS fabriqu´es auCanada pendant le “Long Shutdown 2” du LHC est discut´e. Deux m´ethodes principales, lam´ethode de minimisation de χ2 et la m´ethode matriciel, sont explor´ees. Les comparaisonsentre les deux m´ethodes sont effectu´ees `a l’aide des m´ethodes de Monte Carlo, et la m´ethodede minimisation de χ2 est choisie comme m´ethode de caract´erisation standard pour les sTGCCanadiens. Les r´esultats de d´esalignement des quadrupl´es sTGC qui utilisent cette m´ethodesont pr´esent´es aussi  Read more

Background: Chemsex –the use of illicit substances during sex to enhance pleasure– has become more prevalent in the last decade among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM). This has raised public health concerns because chemsex can be associated with transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV and is recommended for gbMSM and transgender women at elevated risk of HIV acquisition. As PrEP can provide an important prevention tool for people who practice chemsex, it is important to better understand the role of chemsex in …  Read more

Avec les récents développements en traitement automatique du langage naturel, les modèles de langage sont désormais largement déployés pour résoudre diverses tâches de génération de langage naturel (GLN), telles que la traduction automatique, la réponse aux questions et la synthèse. À mesure que ces systèmes se généralisent et deviennent indispensables, il est crucial de mettre en place des mécanismes permettant d'informer les utilisateurs de la fiabilité des résultats. À cette fin, les méthodes de quantification de l'incertitude (QI) offrent un moyen d'estimer la confiance du modèle, permettant ainsi la détection d'erreurs et le développement d'alertes destinées aux utilisateurs. Cependant, les …  Read more

Alors que la déforestation constitue un problème urgent pour les forêts en zone tropicale, sa détection est difficile en raison de la couverture nuageuse persistante. Par le passé, la télédétection optique a été largement utilisée pour étudier la déforestation, mais son application est limitée pour la détection précoce dans les zones tropicales en raison de la contamination due aux nuages. En conséquence, cela retarde les actions des gestionnaires des ressources forestières. Cependant, le radar à synthèse d'ouverture (SAR), avec ses capacités d'observation par toutes conditions météorologiques, offre une complémentarité aux observations optiques par satellite. Dans cette thèse, j'exploite les connaissances …  Read more

Coomes, Oliver T. (Supervisor2)  Read more

Herre, Edward (Supervisor2)  Read more

Acute administration of estrogen results in the vasodilatation and in the release of nitric oxide (NO) that occurs through activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt/protein-kinase-B (PKB), which is known to increase the eNOS activity. 10-8 M of 17-beta-estradiol resulted in a left shift of the vasodilatory response to Ach in preconstricted aortic rings from oophorectomized rats (EC50 = 0.7 x 10-8 M with 17-beta-estradiol and 0.15 x 10-7 M of Ach without 17-beta-estradiol, P < 0.05). The effect was blocked by pre-treatment with Wortmannin, a PI(3)K inhibitor. AKT/PKB was phosphorylated in endothelial cells (EC) as early as 1-minute after estradiol-stimulation. …  Read more

The place of estrogen in women's health remains controversial. Premenopausal women have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than men and in observational studies hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases CVD in postmenopausal women. However, prospective randomized trials of secondary and primary prevention have failed to substantiate an overall protective effect from HRT and have even shown some harm. To explain this paradox it is necessary to better understand the effects of estrogen on the vascular wall. Estrogen rapidly mediates the activation of eNOS and increases the production of nitric oxide (NO), an important factor for endothelial health. In ovariectomized …  Read more

The intuition that the amount of classical correlations between two systems be bounded by their size does not hold true in general for quantum states. In the setting of information locking, measurements on a pair of quantum systems that appear to be completely uncorrelated can become maximally correlated with a small increment in the size of one of the systems. A new information locking scheme based on generic unitary channels is presented and a strengthened definition of locking based on a measure of indistinguishability is used. The new definition demonstrates that classical information can be kept arbitrarily low until it …  Read more

In North America, hysterectomy is the most common major surgery for benign non-obstetric reasons (e.g., uterine fibroids, endometriosis, abnormal bleeding) in premenopausal women. Many of these conditions may result in pelvic pain, sexual and psychological difficulties. However, the capacity of hysterectomy to relieve these problems has not been adequately evaluated. Recently, there has been controversy as to whether less invasive surgeries such as subtotal hysterectomy, in which the uterus is removed and the cervix is left intact, are less detrimental than total hysterectomy, in which both the uterus and the cervix are excised. The first part of this thesis consists …  Read more

[...]This thesis is a study of the lifework of Canon Elson Irving Rexford, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., D.D. It is of interest, then, from the two viewpoints of the history of education and of biography. Beyond that, however, it is concerned with the Province of Quebec, a most fascinating area for the educational historian because of the continuing strivings and evolving patterns of two separate cultures, one French- Catholic and the other English-Protestant, to maintain their identity and separate schools. [...]  Read more

The artificial disintegration of atomic nuclei has furnished scientists with a continuous flow of new and useful information ever since it was first observed by Rutherford in 1919 (66). This technique for probing the sub-atomic world has progressed very rapidly during and after the last Great War. The recent development of electromagnetic devices capable of accelerating particles over a wide range of velocities, and the utilization of high-energy radiations in the so-called "cosmic-rays", has permitted an exhaustive study of the interactions of moving particles with atomic nuclei.  Read more

This thesis is an architectural investigation of perception, depth and representation. It explores the changing historical relationship between "two-dimensional" representation and architecture in an effort to understand the effects of modern perspectival depth on the making of architecture. The non-perspectival, medieval representations studied in this paper, are not looked upon as primitive forerunners of renaissance perspective, but as being expressive of a completely different notion and location of depth. In an attempt to access this "other" depth, the move from nonperspectival to perspectival perception and representation is looked at in relation to the change in perceptual values, brought on by …  Read more

X-ray Intensity Fluctuation Spectroscopy (XIFS) is an ideal technique to perform measurements on the dynamics of fluctuations in condensed matter systems. Over the past few years, XIFS has been used in several studies of dynamics in both hard condensed matter and soft condensed matter equilibrium systems. Its extension to study the dynamics of non-equilibrium systems is currently under way. In this thesis, we present the first applications of XIFS to study dynamics during a first order phase transition with nonconserved order parameter (model A). The order-disorder phase transition in the binary alloy Cu3Au has been chosen as a case study …  Read more

Wetlands are recognized as valuable landscapes for their contribution to biodiversity, ecosystem services and population livelihoods. However, current global wetland inventories do not spatially represent wetland extent at a spatial and temporal resolution appropriate for conservation and management purposes. Among the best existing global inventories, the Global Lakes & Wetlands Database (GLWD; Lehner & Döll, 2004) is a static database assembled from various existing data sources that unfortunately suffers from the inconsistency among its data sources. Another, the Global Surface Water Extent Dataset (GSWED; Prigent et al. 2007; Papa et al. 2010) produced from a multi-satellite method is capable of …  Read more

It surprises us to read in the year 1953 that more than seventy years ago pathologists were already complaining of the numerous and unsuccessful efforts of their predecessors to unravel the riddle of atherosclerosis. In the intervening years, Anitschkow's great contribution to medicine - the production, at will, of atherosclerosis in experimenta1 animals, - has not been attended with the expected results, and to-day we are still only battling at the approaches of the problem.  Read more

Calcium phosphate-based materials have become the first choice for surgeons when they look for a synthetic material for the repair and augmentation of bone. Numerous studies and commercial use over the last three decades have made these materials popular options. These materials are not without their negative aspects, and properties such as poor in vivo resorption and low setting pH are well documented. Magnesium phosphates represent a poorly investigated group of materials with chemical structures similar to those of the calcium phosphates.In this thesis we investigate magnesium phosphates for use as inorganic materials for bone repair. We demonstrated that heat-treatment …  Read more

Aeronautical progress bas thrust upon each of the politically active inhabitants of the globe, in more peremptory fashion each year, the task of reconciling his opinions as a human being with his opinions as a citizen. Those who believe that men in the mass ultimately act in accord with their interests and ultimately formulate their interests in accord with human considerations will foresee the emergence of a world community assuring peace and justice.  Read more

Hydrogen can be the key solution of all our energy needs in the future and to face climate change while reducing greenhouse gases. Syngas, H 2 and CO, is industrially produced by steam reforming of methane. A potential alternative is the catalytic partial oxidation of methane. The process is fast, exothermic and auto-thermal. A dual sequential bed catalyst is used, which makes use of a combustion catalyst followed by a reforming catalyst in order to carry out catalytic partial oxidation in two steps. Numerical simulations using finite elements methods coupled with global kinetics are performed to have a better understanding …  Read more

Les mutations spontanées sont la source ultime de toute la diversité génétique et fournissent de potentielles modifications phénotypiques, sur laquelle la sélection naturelle peut agir. La compréhension des taux, des types de mutations et de leurs effets sur la valeur sélective est essentielle pour beaucoup des domaines de la biologie. Ainsi, quelques études ont cherché à faire la lumière sur ce phénomène fondamental au cours des dernières années. Cependant, les connaissances sont limitées au sujet des taux de mutations chez la plupart des organismes, et la façon dont la sélection naturelle se comporte sur de nouvelles mutations dans une population. …  Read more

Since the completion of the CPR, the railway has held an important place in the Canadian imagination as a symbol of national unity, industry, and cooperation. It would seem to follow, given the widely held belief that national literatures help to engender national self-recognition in their readers, that Canadian literature would make incessant use of the railway to address themes of national community and identity. This assumption is false. With a few notable exceptions, Canadian literature has in fact made very little deliberate effort to propagate the idea that the railway is a vital symbol of Canadian unity and identity. …  Read more

This is an inquiry into the evolution of the North American suburb by way of review of notable historical precedents of various types of suburban developments. A precept of this thesis is that the current, dominant form of urbanization is of a suburban nature, characterized by vast areas of low-density, single-use, disjointed compartments of daily life; that suburbanization has become the physical de-construction of community; and that suburbanization at its most extreme is ultimately deleterious to a healthy society and environmentally unsustainable. The suburban environment is far from the desired ideal and in fact is an aberration. Given our seemingly …  Read more

Rousseau, Simon (Internal/Cosupervisor2)  Read more

Emotion plays an important role in psychotherapy. In order to understand more about the interaction between emotional functioning and the psychotherapeutic process, research into the moment to moment fluctuations of emotional experience is essential. However, subjective measurement of the momentary changes of emotion has proved problematic. The current body of work seeks to address this measurement challenge by examining the vocal acoustic properties of participants' speech within therapeutic style interviews, specifically, the momentary fluctuations of the emotion of interest. A second study examines the vocal cues that trainee therapists use in deciphering participants' emotional processing. Results revealed that the vocal …  Read more

Civil aerospace products manufacturers in the EEC may, as in the USA, be called into litigation as co-defendant following an aircraft accident by the victims or their dependents. As opposed to the airlines, their liability is not limited by international conventions. This thesis examines their liability and insurance in case of damage to third parties after the entry into force of EEC Directive 85/374 on liability for defective products. First, a brief description will be given of the evolution of the aerospace industry in Europe and its governmental regulation through certification. In the second part we will examine the evolution …  Read more

The parasitic fauna of marine fish in eastern Canadian waters has not been studied up to date to any great extent. It was therefore decided to undertake a survey of the ecto- and endoparasites of codfish (Gadus callarias L.) and any other marine or migratory fish available at Grande- Riviere, County of Gaspe South, P.Q. This work was done from June to September 1947.There is no doubt that a heavy parasitic infestation causes disease in many cases although a marked tolerance is frequently shown. Furthermore, out of purely esthetic considerations, the economic value of a food fish is decreased when …  Read more

The principles of Tribology are introduced to the general problem of tyre-soil interaction with a view to development of a better knowledge of the manner in which the tyre-soil interface behaves under rolling motion subjected to tractive force. In essence, an analytical model based on the finite element method is developed to evaluate the tyre-soil longitudinal slippage in connection with the tractive applied torque. The following major considerations are included in the proposed model: (1) A quasi-static finite element approach to cope with the actual dynamic behaviour of the tyre-soil interface. (2) Implementing the tyre tread effect in terms of …  Read more