Résumés
Abstract
Successions of Jurassic strata located in the Arctic region normally yield rich assemblages of terrestriallyderived and marine palynomorphs, reflecting relatively warm air and sea-surface temperatures. The land plant floras were prone to the development of local communities and regional provincialism, whereas the marine biotas thrived across extensive open marine areas with high productivity, resulting in the rapid evolution of dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) following their earliest fossil record in the Triassic. Dinocysts exhibit low taxonomic richness and provide low biostratigraphic resolution throughout the Lower Jurassic sections. By contrast, they are diverse in Middle and Upper Jurassic strata where they provide excellent biostratigraphic markers for correlating and dating both surface and subsurface sections. Over twenty formal and informal biozonations based on the firstand last occurrences of dinocysts have been erected in Alaska, Arctic Canada, the Barents Sea region, Greenland and northern Russia, many of which are correlated with macrofossils, including ammonites, that occur in the same sections. This paper presents a compilation of 214 Jurassic palynostratigraphic events (118 first occurrences and 96 last occurrences) that have regional chronostratigraphic value in the Circum-Arctic, based on their published records. Each event is correlated with the base of a chronostratigraphical unit (including formal stages and sub-Boreal ammonite zones), or as an estimated percentage above the base of the chronostratigraphical unit relative to the entire unit. The relationships of each event to stages and key fossil zonal schemes is shown on chronostratigraphic plots using the 2020 version of TimeScale Creator®.
Résumé
Les successions de strates jurassiques dans la région de l’Arctique recèlent normalement de riches assemblages de palynomorphes d’origine terrestre et marins reflétant les températures relativement chaudes de l’air et à la surface de la mer. Les flores de plantes terrestres étaient susceptibles de favoriser l’épanouissement de communautés locales et d’un provincialisme régional, alors que les biotes marins se développaient sur de vastes secteurs marins ouverts à un rythme de productivité élevé, ce qui a entraîné l’évolution rapide de kystes de dinoflagellés (dinokystes) d’après leur plus récents enregistrements fossiles au cours du Trias. Les dinokystes affichent une faible richesse taxonomique et produisent une faible résolution biostratigraphique dans toutes les sections du Jurassique inférieur. Par contre, ils se diversifient dans les strates du Jurassique moyen et supérieur, où ils représentent d’excellents repères biostratigraphiques pour la corrélation et la datation de sections de surface et de subsurface. Plus d’une vingtaine de biozonations officielles et officieuses basées sur les premières et dernières manifestations de dinokystes ont été établies en Alaska, dans l’Arctique canadien, dans la région de la mer de Barents, au Groenland et dans le nord de la Russie, lesquelles sont dans de nombreux cas corrélées avec des macrofossiles, notamment des ammonites, présents dans les mêmes sections. Le présent article présente une compilation de 214 phénomènes palynostratigraphiques du Jurassique (118 premières manifestations et 96 dernières manifestations) ayant une valeur chronostratigraphique régionale dans la région circumarctique, d’après les documents pertinents publiés. Chaque phénomène est corrélé avec la base d’une unité chronostratigraphique (notamment les stades et les zones d’ammonites subboréales officielles), ou sous forme d’un pourcentage estimatif au-dessus de la base de l’unité chronostratigraphique par rapport à l’ensemble de l’unité. Les liens entre chaque phénomène et les stades et principaux mécanismes zonaux fossiles sont illustrés dans les schémas chronostratigrapiques des figures 1 à 9 au moyen de la version de 2020 de TimeScale Creator®.
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