Résumés
Abstract
The South Mountain Batholith (SMB) of southwestern Nova Scotia is the largest intrusion in the Appalachian orogen. Some structures in its Meguma Supergroup country rocks pre-date emplacement of the SMB, some structures in the country rocks and batholith are synchronous with emplacement and cooling of the granite magma, and other structures in the country rocks and intrusion post-date emplacement. In this paper, we compile an inventory of all such structures, over a wide range of length scales, and evaluate each one in terms of its bearing on the tectonic conditions of emplacement of the SMB. Early structures in the country rocks may include faults that controlled the emplacement of the SMB and include folding (F1) and axial planar cleavage (S1) belonging to the Neo-Acadian orogeny. Structures in the country rocks temporally related to granite emplacement include cross-cutting relationships, annealing of cleavage, growth of porphyroblasts in the contact aureole, fabrics in contact migmatites, granite dykes cutting the country rocks, deformation aureole fabrics, late flexural slip, a putative oroclinal bend, and possibly the structures hosting the Meguma terrane gold deposits. Structures in the granites themselves include shapes of Stage I plutons, foliations in Stage I plutons, development of augen textures, shapes of Stage II plutons, foliations in Stage II plutons, “folding” in the Halifax Pluton, internal granite-granite contacts, ring schlieren, textures of immiscible sulphides in the granites, 2-D and 3-D shapes of gravity anomalies, paucity of high-T deformation microstructures, and undulose extinction in quartz. Late structures, affecting the country rocks and the granites, include joints, and barren or mineralized faults and shear zones. Not all structures have a bearing on the tectonic timing of emplacement of the SMB, but the SMB indisputably post-dates the main Neo-Acadian F1–S1 deformation. The most problematic issues concern the origin of late brittle and ductile deformation features in the SMB (augen granites, deformation aureoles, joints, faults, shear zones, and related mineral deposits) and whether they are the result of waning Neo-Acadian deformation, internal adjustments, uplift, gravitational collapse, or other regional-scale tectonics.
Résumé
Le batholite du mont South (BMS) dans le sud-ouest de la Nouvelle-Écosse est l’intrusion la plus importante dans l’orogène appalachien. Certaines structures dans ses roches encaissantes du Supergroupe de Meguma sont antérieures à la mise en place du BMS, certaines structures dans les roches encaissantes et le batholite sont synchrones avec la mise en place et le refroidissement du magma granitique, et d’autres structures dans les roches encaissantes et l’intrusion sont ultérieures à la mise en place. Dans cet article, nous dressons un inventaire de toutes les structures en question, au sein d’un vaste éventail d’échelles de longueur, et nous évaluons la portée de chacune sur les conditions tectoniques de la mise en place du BMS. Les premières structures dans les roches encaissantes pourraient inclure des failles ayant régi la mise en place du BMS et comprendre des plissements (F1) ainsi qu’un clivage de plan axial (S1) propre à l’orogène néo-acadien. Les structures dans les roches encaissantes temporairement apparentées à la mise en place du granite présentent des rapports transversaux, un annelage du clivage, une augmentation des porphyroblastes dans l’auréole de contact, des éléments structuraux dans les migmatites de contact, des dykes granitiques recoupant les roches encaissantes, des éléments structuraux dans l’auréole de déformation, un glissement tardif dans le plan des couches, une courbure oroclinale hypothétique et possiblement les structures abritant les gîtes d’or du terrane de Meguma. Les structures dans les granites eux-mêmes comprennent des profils de plutons du stade I, des foliations dans des plutons du stade I, l’apparition de textures oeillées, des profils de plutons du stade II, des foliations dans des plutons du stade II, un « plissement » dans le pluton d’Halifax, des contacts internes granite-granite, un schliere annulaire, des textures de sulfures non miscibles dans les granites, des profils bidimensionnels et tridimensionnels d’anomalies gravimétriques, une rareté de microstructures de déformation de température élevée et un motif ondulé dans le quartz. Les structures tardives, qui affectent les roches encaissantes et les granites, comprennent des diaclases ainsi que des zones de cisaillement et des failles dénudées ou minéralisées. Les structures n’influent pas toutes sur l’intervalle tectonique de mise en place du BMS, mais le BMS est incontestablement ultérieur à la principale déformation néo-acadienne F1–S1. Les principaux aspects problématiques concernent l’origine des particularités de déformation cassante et ductile dans le BMS (granites oeillés, auréoles de déformation, diaclases, failles, zones de cisaillement et gîtes minéraux connexes) et la question de savoir si ces phénomènes découlent d’un ralentissement de la déformation néo-acadienne, d’ajustements internes, d’un soulèvement, d’un effondrement gravitationnel ou d’autres manifestations tectoniques régionales.
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