Résumés
Résumé
Les pratiques humanitaires musulmanes contemporaines sont imprégnées du langage de la solidarité religieuse. Pourtant, les historiens et les politologues ont montré que les déclarations d’unité islamique ne sont pas défendables et que le discours au sujet de la communauté religieuse (l’oumma) a une fonction idéologique. Plus largement, les tentatives des sciences sociales de comprendre l’oumma se fondent souvent sur sa répudiation théologique des catégories politiques modernes (nation-État-territoire). Au contraire, à partir d’un travail de terrain mené auprès d’organismes d’aide humanitaire en Jordanie et en tant que contribution à l’anthropologie politique de la religion, cet article plaide en faveur d’une autre façon de comprendre l’oumma : en n’exposant pas la différence entre l’idéal et la réalité, mais en envisageant plutôt la communauté religieuse sous la forme de sa perte.
Mots clés:
- Iqbal,
- islam,
- humanitaire,
- communauté religieuse,
- charité,
- oumma,
- unité,
- multiplicité
Abstract
Contemporary Muslim humanitarian practices are suffused with the language of religious solidarity. Yet historians and political scientists have shown that declarative claims of Islamic unity are not tenable and that the discourse of religious community (umma) serves ideological functions. More broadly, social-scientific attempts to understand the umma often founder on its theological repudiation of modern political categories (nation–state–territory). In contrast, drawing on fieldwork conducted with relief efforts in Jordan and as a contribution to the political anthropology of religion, this paper argues for another way of understanding the umma: not exposing the difference between ideal and reality but rather considering religious community through the form of its loss.
Keywords:
- Iqbal,
- Islam,
- humanitarianism,
- religious community,
- charity,
- oumma,
- unity,
- multiplicity
Resumen
La actuales prácticas humanitarias musulmanas están impregnadas de expresiones de solidaridad religiosa. Aunque los historiadores y politólogos nos han mostrado que las reivindicaciones declarativas de la unidad islámica no son sostenibles y que el discurso de la comunidad religiosa (umma) tiene funciones ideológicas. Más ampliamente, los esfuerzos de las ciencias sociales por comprender la umma con frecuencia se basan en el repudio teológico de las categorías políticas modernas (nación-estado-territorio). Basados en un trabajo de campo realizado entre los programas de ayuda en Jordania y como una contribución a la antropología política de la religión, el presente artículo sostiene una manera diferente de comprender la umma, evitando la diferencia entre ideal y realidad y más bien considerando la comunidad religiosa a través de las formas de su deterioro.
Palabras clave:
- Iqbal,
- Islam,
- humanitarismo,
- comunidad religiosa,
- caridad,
- umma,
- unidad,
- multiplicidad
Parties annexes
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